Realism Vs. Realism Of The United States - 889 Words

Realism versus Idealism. This argument is almost as old as the world we live in. The Unites States has gone through a lot of stages in its history. The United States was sometimes realist and sometimes idealist and that led to different presidents, governments and polices. A Realist is a person who believes that the word and the people of the word can’t change. They believe that we can make the world a better but the people will still be the same no matter what you do to them. For example Mahan was a realist who believed that a man’s role in the world is to clime with his country to the top knowing that some one will claim that spot from you in the future. In the history of the united states there were a lot of examples or realist politicians. One of the first and most important realists is Alexander Hamilton. An Idealist is a person who believes that the people can be changed by education and time. An idealist is a peaceful person who believes that we can solve our conflicts without wars. They believe that war is the failure in human evolution and that we should not turn to it to solve our problems because â€Å"all war is a symptom of man’s failure as a thinking animal† (John Steinbeck). Woodrow Wilson is an example of an idealist presedent Afred Thayer Mahana was a great realist, a U.S naval officer and a historian. Mahan was also a professor in the Naval War College and lectured on naval history and naval strategy. Out of his lectures grew his two major works on historicalShow MoreRelatedLiberalism and Realism Essay1249 Words   |  5 PagesRealism and Liberalism are two extremely prominent theories of international relations. These doctrines exhibit sagacious perceptions about war, foreign affairs and domestic relations. The fundamental principles of protocol in which we rely upon aren’t always apprehensive (Karle, Warren, 2003). By interpreting the data one could fathom these ideas. The assessment of these faculties wield noteworthy dominance about the concepts of international affairs. In analyzing this data, you will comprehendRead MoreThe Theory Of War And Peace Essay1190 Words   |  5 Pagesperiod of persistency. According to the subjects of debates this paper consists of two parts where besides findings and arguments of each article, I focus on the possible counterarguments that might be given as a response by realists. Systemic factors vs. domestic factors The first debate area is covered in articles by Stuart A. Bremer and William Reed. Particularly, Bremer claims that assumptions of idealism about pacifying effects of collective security alliances; democratization, economic developmentRead MoreThe Bush Doctrine and the Iraq War: Neoconservatives vs. Realists - Review1256 Words   |  6 PagesI intend to review â€Å"The Bush Doctrine and the Iraq War: Neoconservatives vs. Realists† by Brian C. Schmidt and Michael C. Williams. The reason for choosing this article for review is simply because of its relevance today throughout the Middle East and how the American foreign policy is drastically changing the dynamics of the world. Schmidt and Williams use the elements of the neoconservative Bush Doctrine to show the direct contrast between realists and neoconservatives. The authors use the BushRead MoreIn Considering Russia’S Actions, Russia’S Constant Counteracts973 Words   |  4 PagesIn considering Russia’s actions, Russia’s constant counteracts with the West, international law, international conflict it could be presumed that Russia is aligned with the realism ideologies. I believe that Putin has had a realist approach in how he has led Russia. To better argue my stance, I will use Syria and Ukraine as my focal points to better argue why Russia has had a rather realist approach in international politics. I will touch base on anarchy, self-interests and more importantly, securityRead MoreAnalysis Of John Steinbeck s The Grapes Of Wrath 1594 Words   |  7 PagesCalifornia and became migratory workers. After a while he wrote East of Eden in 1952, The Winter of Our Discontent i n 1961, and Travels with Charley in 1962. Steinbeck wrote those three stories while traveling in a three-month tour through 40 American states. During this tour, he died in New York City in 1968. Modernism is a cultural movement that generally includes art, architecture, music, literature, and design which emerged before 1914. It was a movement of artist and designers who rebelledRead MoreUsing Art to Comment on Social and Political Issues1666 Words   |  7 Pagesculture and ethics. His street art appears in cities around the world. Dorothea Lange was born on May 26, 1895 in Hoboken, New Jersey and studied photography at Columbia University. 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We shall use the realist lens to analyze the likelihood of another hegemonic war America may possess the strongest military force in the World but it needs the participation and support of other states to be able to meet all ends in this complex andRead MoreThe Dropping Of The Atomic Bomb Essay2212 Words   |  9 Pagesform of warfare preceding. With the United States seemingly always viewed to be â€Å"the good guys† it is puzzling that this country is the same one who killed hundreds of thousands of people all at once and essentially ruined not one but two entire cities within minutes of dropping two single bombs. This decision was not taken lightly, and with basically two schools of thought, liberalism vs. realism, insisting to do so or not to do so, and realism won out. Realism and the many counterparts that strengthenRead MoreAnalysis Of The Play Clyborne Park By Bruce Norris1147 Words   |  5 PagesBrandy Whitehead English 102 Dr. Spence Final Essay Assumptions vs Facts It is not often that one finds many true realist in the world, so many may not fully understand the concept behind it. Realism is commonly defined as the tendency to view or represent things as they really are. After reading the play Clyborne Park by Bruce Norris, a majority of people would have decided that most of the main characters are racist or prejudice because of many things that were said throughout the play. If theRead MoreThe Interpretation Of The Cold War Has Sparked A Number1694 Words   |  7 Pagesinterpretation of the Cold War has sparked a number of heated debates throughout the historical field over how it should be documented. Who perpetrated and antagonized the world into a nuclear arms race that would last for decades? Was it a battle of East vs. West, or was it one of ideology? Did it even happen as some long-peace historians would suggest? Federico Romero, in his article â€Å"Cold War Historiography at the Crossroads,† organizes these historians into t hree groups; orthodox, revisionist, and post-revisionists

Narrative Literature Reviews - 1589 Words

Narrative literature reviews Introduction n A literature review is a comprehensive study and interpretation of the work that has been published on a particular topic n A literature review should convey the knowledge and ideas that have been established on a topic and their strengths and limitations Why undertake a literature review? n To provide a review of the current knowledge in a particular field n Provide a description of research studies n Identify gaps in current knowledge n Identify emerging theoretical issues n Identify theories relevant to your chosen topic n Allow studies to be compared and contrasted n Learn about the practice experience of others n Become informed about the debates and arguments on a specific subject n†¦show more content†¦Kubler-Ross and loss, grief etc) – include relevant author names n Link search to a relevant context e.g. child health (Price 2003) Student activity n In your groups identify the search terms that you would use to search for appropriate literature. n What search frame/parameters would you use? Selecting literature n Your selection: n Does not have to be exhaustive (you do not have to find or reference everything that has been written on the topic) n You must include however, the most important related studies (seminal or key work and/or authors that everyone else writing about the topic seems to refer to. You should also read them yourself!) n Must be up-to-date n Must not rely solely on secondary sources n (Bryant et al 2003) Evaluating the literature n When drawing on published research for your review you must have read the report critically n You do not need to summarise the whole report in your review, just provide enough description so that its relevance to your argument is clear and that any criticisms you have make sense n (Bryant et al 2003) Tables of information n To help decide which studies are credible and to help with organising the review it may be helpful to make aShow MoreRelatedApse At The Additional Qualititave Approaches Essay1209 Words   |  5 PagesJournal Entry – A Glimpse at 3 Additional Qualititave Approaches Stemming from the humanities, narrative research is considered adequate to understand the meanings with which people make up the world (Creswell, 2018). 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Trade Tariffs on China Free Essays

Name:Â   Trade tariffs on china Source of article: The NEWYORK TIMES Publication date: 11th April 2018 A threat emerged from state house that president Donald trump would impose tariffs on imports from china in the months to come. The threat sparked mixed reactions across the economic circles; one faction saying that the laws would boost the countries negotiation power over the Chinese government as another says that the laws were detrimental to the economy and they were made in a rush for the purpose of threatening the Chinese government. Drawing conclusions from the effect of tariff imposition on steel and aluminum from china that was passed into law last year; that the economy has come down by 0. We will write a custom essay sample on Trade Tariffs on China or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1 percentage points, the economists against the idea think they have a case to prove. Still, the tariff threat has been upheld despite the economic tantrums. Tariffs are meant to limit imports and create market for locally products but the adverse effect from this will result in prices going a little higher for business men that vend Chinese goods and ultimately the consumer will feel the pinch. If the tariffs are maintained over the years the living standards among the American people will go down. Skeptics have said that the tariffs have been designed to scare china but not raise the economic standards of American or the nation. Arrays of economists suggest that free trade be enacted for realization of economic growth.I agree with the faction that is against the increase of tariffs on Chinese imports as the results over time would be devastating. What is the need of imposing tariffs if they neither boost nor increase economic efficiency? Instead of pulling out of the Trans pacific partnership then using the tariff threat; the government would have considered rallying other countries behind it against china. A pact with other countries would have cowed the Chinese authorities. Reason behind this threat is that the Americas deficit in goods to china is worth $370 billion. I suggest the threat be dropped.Protectionism is the economic policy that revolves around tariffs. This policy suggests that countries should impose high tax on import if they want their local companies to thrive. In its dynamics, proponents suggested that the laws, taxes and quotas be formulated but they also stated that this will be killing competition and the end consumer will feel the pinch as the prices of the basic commodities will go up significantly over the years. Reference New york times websitehttps://mobile.nytimes.com/2018/04/11/business How to cite Trade Tariffs on China, Papers

Systems Implementation Document

Question: Develop a Systems Implementation document detailing the following: ICT infrastructure required to implement your plan, along with appropriate justification. An Enterprise Systems that is required to implement your plan, along with appropriate justification. Recommend an implementation methodology to ensure the successful implementation of the infrastructure and enterprise system. A comprehensive costing analysis, along with appropriate justification. A roadmap to highlight the sequence of project/ milestones to support your plans transition from the current state to future state. Include key critical success factors for each step in the plan. Include a risk analysis for the plan with mitigating plans for any high risks items Answer: Introduction The main aim of the report is to implement enterprise system within the hospital. The system and technology will help to protect data and information of the hospital such as customer details, product information and financial information. The implementation of the system will help to protect data as well as dealing with the security issues (Bouwman, 2005). The hospital has implemented mobile computing that will allow wireless and remote access to information and data as well as accessing personal data that is required for the treatment of the patient. The system design is adequate for integrating the mobile platforms that will increase the smooth flow of data. However, the implementation of enterprise system will ensure security and privacy of data and information of the hospital (Barney, 2005). The flow of communication as well as managing all the data and information is very much important for an organization. Main Context ICT infrastructure ICT means Information and Communication Technology. ICT infrastructure provides vast technological ranges to help the hospitals in running effectually. These types of services are most relevant to everyday mechanics of the hospital and also integral to this service delivery that is effective. These also incorporate implementation, networking, hardware and software. The new system is already built (Davies, 2008). Thus, it incorporates mobile computing system in the hospital. Mobile computing system incorporates in the present ICT infrastructure may allow for wireless and remote access to information from the hospital. For the patient that who comes for treatment in Hospital, it might only mean which they have access to the personal information about their time of treatment from wherever they are (Gifford, 2013). It also offers the patients with the particular treatment plans or data about their check-up and for their next appointment also. For the doctors who are working in this hospi tal, this would facilitate them to access the medical data of the patient as and then they are treating by others. This also interacts with the patients with the assist of the mobile platform. Most of the systems allowing electronic management and filling of their clinically documented do exist incorporate a few available products commercially and a huge amount of software progressed by hospitals for their internal use (Hudson, 2002). In this context, to develop mobile computers, and also connected via a wireless network in their hospital systems, and also computerizing the clinical records of the patients with the sophisticated solutions to tasked clinical data at this care of point. The system will increase the flow of communication within the hospital. Enterprise Systems The hospital can implement enterprise resource planning in order to support mobile computing within the hospital. The enterprise resource planning is business process software that used to integrate the business processes sand other functions related to services, human resources and technology (Leon, 2008). The implementation of this enterprise system will help to integrate all the operations of the business which includes storage and managing of information and data. The enterprise resource planning will help to support the mobile platform by integrating the mobile systems as well as flow of communication. The security of data and information is also important for a company. The employees and executives want a real time access to the information and the hospital should implement mobile ERP for the dashboards, reports and conducting the key business processes (Loos, Haddon and Mante-Meijer, 2008). The integration of system, appropriate technologies and flow of communication is very m uch important for the flow as well as the security of the information and data. The system can also help in the management of task and activities such as accuracy of the financial data, better planning, security and privacy, reducing redundant tasks, managing human resource, payroll, accounting, distribution management, standardizes business process, supporting mobile platform and increasing knowledge base. The enterprise resource planning helps to provide central repository for the information in order to improve the flow of information all across the hospital (Loos, Haddon and Mante-Meijer, 2008). Implementation of the infrastructure The implementation of ICT and ERP requires appropriate process that will ensure appropriate outcome. The implementation of these systems normally requires five stages which includes design, implementation, stabilization, continuous improvement and transformation. The structured implementation of the system can speed the business process as well increasing the efficiency of other systems (Shtub, 2002). The following strategies should also be adopted by the hospital such as: Evaluation of the technical and business processes Conducting a gap assessment Organizational measures Data clean up and data conversion Measurement of the security and privacy level within the organization Agreeing on implementation boundaries Project governance The implementation of the enterprise system requires resources and appropriate process (Sumner, 2005). The implementation strategies are built on foundation of the processes, product and people. The main purpose of the system is to support mobile computing platform and integrating the business processes (Technology, 2008). Costing analysis Amount ICT 40,000 ERP 50,000 The cost analysis helps to determine and evaluate the amount of fund required for the implementation of the systems. The implementation of enterprise resource planning will require more funds in comparison to information and communication technology. The finance department will be able to take decision about investing into the system and supporting the mobile computing system (Bouwman, 2005). The allocation of resources and appropriate cost is very much important so that it will help measure the required capital for the implementation of the systems. The cost effective analysis is the benefits that is expected from the implementation of the system and comparing the benefits from the programs and monetary costs (Davies, 2008). The cost benefits analysis if important for the valuation of cost of the systems and benefits from that system. The preparation of budget is done before implementing the system within the hospital and does estimates the required investment and benefits. The impl ementation of both the system requires funds and thus supports the mobile computing platform within the hospital (Gifford, 2013). Roadmap Main Activities/ Stages Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Selection of the systems Identification and evaluation of the features of the systems Evaluation of the functions of the systems Performance of the systems Evaluation of the support to mobile computing Implementation of the systems Analyzing the systems Actual outcome Comparing outcome with expected outcome The above table shows the tasks that would be followed during the implementation of the enterprise systems. The Gantt chart shows the step by step process to complete the process of implantation and evaluating the benefits of the system. Risk analysis This assignment also explores why and how the ICT and ERP are enrolled in the hospital sector. They are discussed: It also represents the qualitative field data collected in such other hospitals of the country. This hypothesis is employed to describe ceremonial and mythical roles that ERP and ICT for development play in legal development initiatives. Findings also play a vital role in this scenario. This explores here to implement the hospital information systems need to translate to efficient gains directly (Hudson, 2002). It also reflects the material and social phenomena, functions beyond instruments empirically of technical rationality. This paper based on acknowledging outcome with regards to the consequences indeterminacy of ICT and ERP implementation in the hospitals. The main risk associated with the system is failure and it can be mitigated by ensuring appropriate implementation and technological support to the systems. Risk analysis for a hospital in patients with the Stanf ord type an acute aortic dissection was renal dysfunction, lower extremity ischemia, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Depend on the univariate analysis; major preoperative risk factors for the hospital were coagulopathy, elevated aspartate aminotransferase levels and also the myocardial ischemia (Technology, 2008). The main factors are closely related to the time of operation, surgery, time of aortic cross clamp, cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, and also the blood transfusion in between the patients. Originality or the value also plays an important and significant role in this context. This will be valuable to information and institutional theorists and also developed the practitioners. This structural framework is supplied to unpack the institutional scenario which drives such inefficiency in the hospital sectors. Conclusion The implementation of enterprise resource planning and information and communication technology will help to integrate all the processes of the hospital as well as supporting the mobile computing platform within the hospital. The enterprise system would be implemented to support the new system and increasing the efficiency as well as features of the system. The security of data and information is very much important as well as supporting the applications of the mobile. References Barney, D. (2005).Communication technology. Vancouver: UBC Press. Bouwman, H. (2005).Information and communication technology in organizations. London: SAGE. Davies, P. (2008).Information technology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Gifford, C. (2013).Technology. New York: Scholastic. Hudson, B. (2002).Information communication technology. Chichester: Liberty Hall. ICT. (2005). London: Letts Educational. Leon, A. (2008).Enterprise resource planning. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill. Loos, E., Haddon, L. and Mante-Meijer, E. (2008).The social dynamics of information and communication technology. Aldershot, England: Ashgate. Shtub, A. (2002).Enterprise resource planning (ERP). Boston: Kluwer Academic. Sumner, M. (2005).Enterprise resource planning. Upper Saddle River, N, J.: Prentice Hall. Technology. (2008). Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica.

I hate black people 208 PM free essay sample

I open my phone in the huddle before we begin discussing the game plan for the upcoming battle against Coginchaug volleyball. My Twitter is blowing up. Different Twitter handles all yell at me. â€Å"We hate you too†, â€Å"You’re not going to be sleeping tonight, we will find you†, â€Å"You’re stupid, you don’t know how to put on eyeliner, and your parents are cousins. † Emotions rush over me. Although I feel extremely faint and anxious, I ask my team what to do and frantically search for answers. I notice, out of the corner of my eye, the principal arriving. Running out to meet her, my face turns quickly from relief into panic. Sheheard what happened from hateful emails sent to the school. For all she knew, I was the one who sent the tweet.Questions poured out of the principal’s and vice principal’s mouths. I had no answers. We will write a custom essay sample on I hate black people 2:08 PM or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I did not know how from my Twitter a tweet was sent out saying â€Å"I hate black people.† There were about twenty thousand favorites and eleven thousand retweets with many, many more replies, agreeing with me or condemning me to Hell. Some were from my friends, but hundreds were from people I had never met before. After a half an hour of questioning, I realized who tweeted. It was not a hacker or an enemy, but one of my friends. I shared everything that happened since 2:08, the time of the tweet, to the time I arrived in that office with the principal, I repeated the timeline to the vice principal, then my dad, then the police officer, then the police officer again as he wrote a police statement. I opened my phone at 2:07, saw a friend pick it up at 2:08, continued talking at 2:09, heard the bell ring at 2:10. I picked my phone up, put it in my backpack, went to practice at 2:11. From 2:11 to 5:30, while my phone sat in my backpack, my life was changing, and I had no idea.As I shared the timeline, I shook. The hate in the tweets and emails directed at me scared me. I worried about the safety of my family, who sat at home, vulnerable. While I feared being murdered or not getting into college, this â€Å"friend† was at a soccer game, cheering on our school, oblivious to what he had caused. I drove home, stunned and confused. I took a shower to clear my head. My family sat in the hallway. They called my friend who agreed to go to the school to admit what he had done. My chest felt lighter. I could finally breathe again. I would be able to go to college. My family was around me, assuring me that I was safe.When I returned the next day, the principal held an assembly using the events that took place the day before as an example on the effective use of social media. My friends and the teachers were there to support me. A few months later, we re-started our social media accounts, this time on the private setting.

The Rise of Patriarchy in Ancient Civilizations essays

The Rise of Patriarchy in Ancient Civilizations essays Patriarchy is defined as a social system in which the father is the head of the family and men have authority over women and children. How did the transition from non-patriarchal to patriarchal culture take place? Darwin's theory of evolution suggested that patriarchy served the best interests of species survival. I agree with Darwin and feel that patriarchy was essential for the human race to last as long as it has but I also think that it is a trend that its rein will soon be over. There are a few reasons for the development of Patriarchy and most of them revolve around the development of agriculture. The civilizations began to develop and become more prosperous because of the agricultural jobs the men had. The jobs that the men accomplished revolved around strength and power and the women of that society couldnt perform those tasks. The roles of the women in this society consisted of gathering food and having children. They could not hunt because they needed to take care of their young ones. The mens roles in this society consisted of the hunting of the food and protecting the community. In this era those things were valued more then the jobs that the women possessed because those jobs could save the lives of all of the people in the community. Another reason that society became more patriarchal was because women are the carriers and bearers of children. In the beginning, women were honored for this but it became a disadvantage later on. The religion that they practiced emphasized the importance of a womens virginity on marriage and stressed modesty. Also a very big portion of the Mesopotamian laws, such as the Hammurabic code, had many laws emphasizing limits and inferiority of the women. Because of this many women were looked down upon and treated as property and a way to keep the civilization going and pass on the family name. Oddly enough women were very accepting of the laws and restrictions that we...

Jean Piaget Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Jean Piaget - Essay Example The main role in the process of cognition belongs to mental abilities of person: infants are born with certain schemes operating at birth (reflexes), but while in animals these schemes control behavior throughout life human beings use them to adapt to the environment and develop their cognitive abilities. Piaget identifies four periods of cognitive development: sensory-motor, pre-operational, concrete-operational, and formal-operational. Each of these periods is associated with mastering certain skills and abilities such as use of symbols, abstract thinking, etc: Pre-operational stage (toddler and early childhood): intelligence is demonstrated through the use of symbols, improvements in the use of language, development of memory and imagination. However, thinking remains illogical and nonreversible; egocentric thinking dominates during this stage; Concrete operational stage (elementary and early adolescence): intelligence is demonstrated through logical and systematic manipulation of symbols related to concrete objects. Operational thinking develops (mental actions that are reversible) while egocentric thinking diminishes. Formal operational stage (adolescence and adulthood): intelligence is demonstrated through the logical use of symbols related to abstract concepts.

Concepts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Concepts - Essay Example According to Office of Government Commerce (2002), Collaboration is the process of sharing tacit knowledge among members in a group they work together in order to accomplish stated goals and objectives (p.95). Collaboration follows strong desire of achieving a particular set of goals. Involving the relevant stakeholders in business and receiving their interests, accepting opinions and running business considering all of their interests have been considered to be the basic activity in the successful organizational culture. Time Warner Company is a good example for collaboration that helped them work across the boundaries. David Straus (2002) finds this concept as fundamental in the success of his business experience. According to him, the power of collaboration comes from inclusion, not exclusion. His experiences of facilitating collaboration taught him the fundamental principle as involving the relevant stakeholders (p. 39). Shared Mindset represents the extent to which employees within an organization have a common focus or agenda. Shared Mindset helps employees to have commitment to how to work together to achieve goals and employer to set an agenda and to ensure that it translates to employee behavior (RS Schuler, 2007, p. 132). Shared Mindset is a broad concept in the way that mindset needs to be shared both inside and outside the organization. It can be applied in both micro and macro levels. According to David Ulrich (1997), a fully shared mindset occurs when employees inside and customers or suppliers outside the organization embrace similar automatic thought about the process and structure of the organization (p. 171). Shared mindset leads to increased business performance because employees are focused. Shared Mindset concept In order to apply shared mindset effectively, managers need to focus on informational and behavioral patterns. Harley Davidson is an illuminating example for

A Study of Shell Oil and its Stakeholders in Nigeri Research Paper

A Study of Shell Oil and its Stakeholders in Nigeri - Research Paper Example It manufactures and markets a range of petrochemical products for industrial customers. The company is also engaged in delivery of technology solutions through research and innovation. Shell operates in 90 countries, employs approximately 93,000 people worldwide, 43,000 service stations, and has more than 30 refineries and chemical plants including 3.3 million barrels of gas and oil production per day. In 2010, the company spent $2.1 billion in development of alternate energy sources and carbon emission controls, $13 billion on purchases from companies from lower income countries, and more than $21 million on voluntary social investments (Shell, 2010). Shell Group is involved in the on-shore production of oil and gas in the Niger Delta. It is also involved in the offshore production of oil and gas in Gulf of Guinea and Nigeria’s first ever deep-water project. The energy from the Shell-operated Nigerian ventures is used for the country’s industrial and domestic use. The remaining is exported to Europe, US and Asia. Shell Petroleum Development Co. under the Shell Group employs about 90% of Nigerians in the region and provides 95% of the profits from on-shore production in the Delta to the Nigerian Government. The company also employs around 35,000 third party contractor staff (Shell-a, n.d.). The Niger Delta is considered one of the most polluted regions in the world with around 6,800 recorded oil spill incidents in the last 50 years since the beginning of oil production in the region (Purefoy, 2010). In 2009, Shell’s Nigerian subsidy spilled around 14,000 tons of crude oil in Niger Delta, which were twice the 2008 figures and four times the 2007 data. The major reason is that many pipelines of Shell are corroded and old. The company has taken the responsibility of the clean-ups but blames the thieves and militants for majority of the environmental damages (Guardian, 2010). Since 1999, when Nigeria became a democracy, Shell has been trying to improve its image in the country by issuing the environmental reports every year. 1.2 Aims & Objectives of the Paper In the light of Shell’s operations in Nigeria and environmental issues associated with it, the aim of the paper is to: Identify and discuss the effects of the environmental issue on the major stakeholders of Shell in Nigeria, and the way each of the stakeholders responds to the problem. Compare and contrast the different approaches to leadership in bringing resolution to the problem based on several perspectives. From the discussion on the stakeholders’ perspectives and leadership perspective, it is expected to arrive at a practical solution to the environmental issues faced by Shell and Nigeria. 1.3 Scope of the Paper This paper has explored various stakeholder theories and models related to the case of Shell. Extensive analysis in stakeholder theory through numerous publications has been devoted to the understanding of the impact of Shell’

Soil stabilization with lime in road construction

Soil stabilization with lime in road construction Soil Stabilization with lime Lime is another fundamental soil material that has been widely used as soil stabilizer for road pavement construction. Limestone is a soil material that discovered from sedimentary rock combining of high levels of calcium and magnesium carbonate composition as other small amounts of minerals. This is the extraction of underground mines and quarries all around the world. Therefore, the lime can be very cheap, it can be found everywhere in many countries. There is no transportation between long distances and it normally used to create a capping layer of road pavement from appropriate in- situ soils. In some road pavements, lime is considered to be a subbase layers that appeared the first part of a two part construction process using ordinary Portland cement and ground blast furnace cement. In general, the plasticity of soil material can be decreased by treating the performance of fine-grained soils. Once, the characteristic or physical property been changed, an improvement of workability needs to be made and also the volume of the material needs to be reduced. in addition, the strength of lime is basically depended on many elements such as curing time, curing temperature, water content and percentage of lime content. Types of lime. There are many types of lime have been introduced as soil stabilizer for road pavement. However, several types of lime have been commonly used there are dolomitic lime, calcitic quicklime, dolomitic quicklime and hydrated high-calcium lime respectively. The high calcium hydrated lime is used more often, this is because the hydrated lime is much less caustic than quicklime, the high calcium hydrated lime is a dry powder that made by a chemical reaction of quicklime with water to ensure natural affinity of the quicklime for moisture content. Easy to form the hydrated lime that is suspended or mud, often the process of pumping a variety of positions within the industrial plant. The alkaline as a result, having a pH of 12.4. Most hydrated limes have a combination of 75 percent cao and 25 percent H2O.Hydrated lime is used in a variety of industrial applications including water treatment, as an anti-stripping agent in asphalt, and in soil stabilization. Some hydrated limes are sold into the food grade market as well. Advantage The advantage of using lime as a soil stabilizer is basically concerned with many reasons such as reduced construction or operational cost during process of the project especically, reduce water use energy consumption and a reduction of Co2 emissions as well as saving time of operational processes. Stabilization with Lime-Fly Ash (LF) and Lime-Cement-Fly Ash (LCF). There is little for coarse-grained soils in soil stabilisation that can be achieved by the use of a combinations of LF or LCF. Lime -Fly Ash is also known as Coal ash which is a part of mineral residual from the burning of crushed coal. It is a combination of aluminum and silicon compounds. Once mixed with water anf lime, the mixture of soil can be created a strengthened cementitious mass accomplished of containing high compressive strengths. A combination of lime and fly-ash can also be used comomly as a soil stabiliser for stabilizering grainy materials when the lime can react with the fly-ash produced a agent. The combination of LF or LCF as a soil stabilisation is suitable for road base and sub-base materials. In gerneal,the appearance of Lime-Fly Ash or Lime-Cement-Fly Ash both them looks almost the same to the appearance of cement. When Fly Ash appear as circular particles that looks like a ball bearing while cement appears angular that looks like a crushed rock more. In addtion, Fly Ash contains strengthened cementitious quality so it can be used to replace the cement in a cement mix. Fly Ash can easily replace the cement in the concrete mixes that is good for saving costs during a soil stailisation process. There is another problem that needs to be considered once Fly-Ash as a soil stabiliser. The compressive strength of concrete mix with Fly-ash is approximately the same to the compressive strength of concrete without Fly-ash. There may be a slight decrease in compressive strength in the first, and then there is a slight increase after the first two weeks. Types of fly ash There are two different types of Fly-ash have been introducted to soil stabilisation or construction industry, type C and type F respectively. Type C Fly-ash is come from the combustion of lignite or subbituminous coal and the type C Fly-ash is also called as â€Å"high lime ash†this is because a high percentage of lime is contained in type C Fly-ash. The type C Fly-ash is a pozzolanic substance, when it is self-reactive with water . Type F Fly-Ash is produced from the combustion of anthracite or bituminous coal and sometimes it is known as â€Å"low lime† ash.It is required the addition of lime to make a reaction to produce a pozzolanic substance. TYPE F Provide sulfate resistance of cement equal to or better than Type V cement. Effectively controls heat gain during concrete curing. TYPE C When type C fly-Ash adds into the concrete mixes, it will contains a early strengths this is becuuse it contains its own amount of lime. Under this circumstance, it requires pozzolanic reaction to be started reacting eailer. Advantage; There are many advantages of using Fly-ash that concerned with the manufacturing of concrete pipe which contains a greater density of the concrete.the peremebility of a construction project can be improved by using a more dense concrete mix and reduce the probability of infiltration. Finaly, the workability of the project can also be improved by using Fly-ash material. A fly ash concrete mix will generally gain strength more slowly at early ages. After about seven days, the rate of strength gain of fly ash concrete exceeds that of conventional concrete, enabling equivalent strength at 28 days. This higher rate of strength gain continues over time enabling fly ash concrete to produce higher ultimate strength than can be achieved with conventional concrete. Stabilization with Bitumen Soil Stabilization with Bitumen which is an aggregate contains bitumen. It has a big difference in appearance when it compared to cement and lime soil stabilisation. The mechanism of bitumen is basically concerned with fine-grained soil that is a sealing or waterproofing phenomenon. The bitumen is coated by soil particles that can reduce the strengths of Soil by slowing down the penetration of water. In some construction project, the bitumen for soil stabilisation is widely used for bitumen bound pavement that is normally less than any other purpose of using. Normally, the bitumen for soil stabilisation will contain approximately about 4-8% of the soil without any water content. TYPES OF BITUMEN. Sand bitumen: a mixture of sand and asphalt, of which the sand particles cemented together, provide a more stable material. Bitumen with aggregate: asphalt mixture gradation and a good gravel or artificial aggregates, after compaction, provides a highly stable sub-base or water quality based on the quality of course. Bitumen with lime: a mixture of lime, soil and bitumen after a soil compaction, the compacted soil mixture may has characteristics of the bitumen treated materials that will contains a high PI value. In general, there are several types of bitumen used for soil stabilization. The type of bitumen which is to be used that based or depended on the different type of soil need to be used as a stabilizer, the processing for a road pavement construction and operational or weather conditions. Frost areas, tar as a binder, should be kept away because of its high temperature sensitivity. The asphalts substance can be slightly influenced by a change in temperature. According to a specific soil experiment, a good result can be perfectly achieved by the soil mixed quickly with liquid asphalt which is the stickiest one. One of the higher qualities for soil mixture that used for a central plant, the sticky grade asphalt cement should be used. There are many soil bituminous stabilization needs to be operated in a place where the bitumen material can be used directly for the soil and soil compaction can also easily be done during construction process. Emulsion is highly recommended to use in a soil stabilization construction, because of energy limitation and reduction of pollution control efforts. For a road pavement project, the engineer needs to decide what kind of the type of bitumen would be used that is based on operational or weather conditions and the cost of the project as well as the different types of equipment in the construction. There are several types of bitumen are introduced as below that would be used for the soil gradation indicated: Open-graded aggregate Rapid- and medium-curing liquid asphalts RC-250, RC-800, and MC-3000. Medium-setting asphalt emulsion MS-2 and CMS-2. Well-graded aggregate with little or no material passing the No. 200 sieve Rapid and medium-curing liquid asphalts RC-250, RC-800, MC-250, and MC-800. Slow-curing liquid asphalts SC-250 and SC-800. Medium-setting and slow-setting asphalt emulsions MS-2, CMS-2, SS-1, and CSS-1. Aggregate with a considerable percentage of fine aggregate and material passing the No. 200 sieve Medium-curing liquid asphalt MC-250 and MC-800. Slow-curing liquid asphalts SC-250 and SC-800. Slow-setting asphalt emulsions SS-1, SS-01h, CSS-1, and CSS-lh. For many road pavement design, the engineer use the bituminous stabilization which is the application of liquid to construct surface of an unbound aggregate road. There are SC-70, SC-250, MC-70, and MC-250 are respectively applied to the slow and medium curing liquid bitumen. Gradations for soil stabilization There are several soil gradations which is highly recommended to used for sub-grade base or sub-basematerial as show below in two tables Recommended gradations for bituminous stabilized sub-grade materials Recommended gradations for bituminous-stabilized base and sub-base materials MIX DESIGN In many soil stabilizations with a sub-grade material, there is one equation that needs to be applied for identifying the groundwork quantity of falloff asphalt. The equation as shown below: p = ((0.02(a) + 0.07(b) + 0.15(c) + 0.20(d))/(100 S)) X 100 Where, p = percent cutback asphalt by weight of dry aggregate a = percent of mineral aggregate retained on No. 50 sieve b = percent of mineral aggregate passing No. 50 sieve and retained on No. 100 sieve c = percent of mineral aggregate passing No. 100 and retained on No. 200 sieve d = percent of mineral aggregate passing No. 200 S = percent solvent The initial number of emulsified asphalt Once soil stabilization with sub-grade materials need to be involved in a road construction. The initial quantity of emulsified asphalt also needs to use for the sub-grade materials that can be determined by a table as shown below: Emulsified asphalt requirements For the final design stage the content of emulsified asphalt that need to be chosen based on the experimental results of the Marshal Stability testing. The test is used to determine the Marshall stability of bituminous mixture. There is a minimum requirement of Marshall Stability which required for sub-grade is 500 pounds. Once, the recommended quantities of bituminous materials need be added, if appearance of increased Marshall Stability is not shown for the soil particles, the soil gradation would be identified with more details or another type of bituminous materials need to be applied as a soil stabilizer. STABILIZATION WITH LIME-CEMENT AND LIME-BITUMEN In a road pavement construction project, the advantage of using combination stabilizers is that one of the stabilizers does not perform its effectiveness properly, the other one is able to compensate when treating a specified characteristics of a given soil. For example, lime has been used frequently with stabilizers such as asphalt or Portland cement in order to provide base courses for clay areas. Since plastic clays is not totally compatible with asphalt or Portland cement and the lime cannot corporate into the soil to make it friable, therefore, asphalt and the cement can be effectively mixed. Stabilization practice might be more expensive than conventional single stabilizer methods, but it could be still reasonably priced at places where base aggregate costs are high. There are many different types of cement as a soil stabilizer. But in this case study, two combinations of cement particle are concerned with lime-cement and lime-asphalt respectively. LIME-CEMENT Lime can be used as an initial additive with Portland cement or the primary stabilizer. The main effects lime gives is to reduce the plasticity of the soil. The main approach is to add enough lime I order to reduce the plasticity index to satisfactory levels. LIME-ASPHALT Lime can be used as an initial additive with asphalt or the primary stabilizer. The main effects lime gives is to act as an anti- stripping agent. In the layer capacity, the lime acts to neutralize acidic chemicals in the soil or aggregate which tends to interfere with bonding of the asphalt. 1-2 percent lime is basically needed for this objective. LIME TREATMENT OF EXPANSIVE SOILS. In a road pavement, the surface of an expansive soil is defined as those exceeding three percent expansion in the exhibition. The expansion of soils is concerned with a road pavement construction, when water is influenced in clay minerals. The plasticity characteristics of a soil particle can be used as an indicant for the swell potential of a soil which is shown as below: Swell potential of soils A treatment with lime would be introduced to determine the well potential of a soil. The lime can be used to reduce swell. For an expansive soil, A more or less degree of expansive soil may be present activities of the clay minerals. Once, the lime needs to be added that requires a minimum amount of the lime, it can reduce swell to acceptable limits. There is an experimental process for conducing swell test which can be found in ASTM D 1883. The depth of lime should be incorporated into the soil, in general, the equipment used by the construction of a limited. In general, A maximum required depth need to be calculated with 2 to 3 feet that can be treated directly without removal of the soil.

Philosophy :: social issues

Philosophy â€Å"Theories of Connectivity† paints a picture of our tomorrow. It names some of the advancements that we have made in technological areas. Everyday computer companies and universities are devising ways to insert computer systems into every facet of our lives. They have made GPS systems for our cars, palm pilots for easy Internet access, and digital jewelery for easy communication and information storage. We are in an age of network. â€Å"The average American house already contains more than 40 computers. Last year alone, eight billion new microprocessors came into the world.† Gleick traces our path of the present and future of technology. He simply lays out our undeniable urge to invent. When we were children, we played with our toys and loved to explore. Now that child-like motivation has evolved to a greater maturity, and toys are becoming our future. These devices may be complex, but it seems that the goal of electronic companies is to shrink the product in order to make it simpler to handle. Our technology, pervasive computing, seems to be taking over our world today. It seems that we are trying to eliminate human thought and, replace it with computers made by limited human minds. I will focus on Heidegger’s, Habermas’, and Marcuse’s philosophy and their response to today’s technology. Each philosopher has their own philosophy on technological advancements. They do not have the advantage of witnessing some of these new advancements and innovations, but their writing will shed some light on their thoughts. Heidegger believes that technology could be our greatest danger. It has caused such problems as ecological destruction, nuclear danger, and consumerism, and it is using technology to solve these problems, which is even worse. Our society seems to be taking away ration thought and diving deeper into technology to fix our problems. Heidegger will present a possible solution called the saving power. Habermas asks the question, â€Å"How is it possible to translate technically exploitable knowledge into the practical consciousness of a social life-world? He explains where technology should evolve and the power that it holds. He sees technology as a whole new way of life, but it must be applied to the life-world. He will present the knowledge –constitutive interest theory, which will better describe his stance on modern technology. Marcuse follows a thinking that â€Å"the machine†, industry, becomes the center of society. He is an instrumentalist, a view in which technology is neutral and it adds nothing to the ends it serves.