Community Planning Model for Sustainability

Network Planning Model for Sustainability Story In the West, Twentieth Century urban arranging approaches and quick urbanization; portrayed by single use zoning; low thickness land use and vehicle subordinate networks; have regularly isolated individuals from customary network connection. For some, this individualistic presence can be seen as oppressed world. Imagine a scenario in which individuals were allowed the chance to react to such oppressed world helped by the further advancement of agreeable network model that encouraged practical living and strong shared regard. Consider the possibility that an elective way to live was advanced aided by the arrangement of adaptable and steady physical blended use condition which was both available and valuable to the entire network. It is doubtful that genuine manageability relates not exclusively to the regular habitat yet in addition to the assembled condition and it has key monetary and social network measurements Brief Outline of User Requirements: Cohousing people group give a creating physical, monetary and social model to accomplish such goals delineated previously. They are ordinarily made out of blended utilize adaptable structures containing private living space, financial action and broad regular territories, which are claimed, overseen and kept up by the inhabitants, giving a reasonable, maintainable and network centered way of life. Offices ought to incorporate a scope of mutual offices proportionate in size to the improvement including a huge kitchen and lounge area zone, a clothing, workplaces and workshops with broadband access and a scope of relaxation offices Communal open air spaces should give alluring territories to social collaboration. The structures ought to be adaptable and versatile and energize strong agreeable conduct. The proposed structures should look to take most extreme profit by their town community area and try to accomplish high ecological gauges against the supportability code. Close spatial connection among work and living arrangement and association monetarily with the area and guests to the downtown area ought to be empowered. This self-generative condition will upgrade a financial maintainability that can effectively adjust to the changing needs of the occupant and more extensive network. Proposed Location: Fish Street is situated in Leeds City Center. It associates Kirkgate, King Edwards Street and Vicar Lane giving access to the boutique retail outlets in the Victorian Quarter of the City, The City Markets and Lower Briggate, which are all significant vacation spots. Presentation THE GLOBAL PROBLEM A few sociologists, for example, Georg Simmeland Ferdinand Tã ¶nnies, have represented the hypothesis that the secrecy of the city prompts a sentiment of distance (Hess, A, 2001) (Lucaccini, G, 2009). Twentieth century urban arranging arrangements and quick urbanization; described by single use zoning; low thickness land use; huge corporate business and vehicle subordinate networks; have served to isolate individuals from customary network communication. For some, this individualistic presence can be seen as an oppressed world. Moreover, with 75 percent of the 10 billion individuals expected to possess the planet by 2050 anticipated to live in urban focuses this is a worldwide issue that should be tended to (Ripplinger, S, 2009). The future forming and prosperity of urban areas requires the advancement and usage of new models of adaptable blended utilize and versatile structures reacting to and advancing agreeable, steady and practical networks. LEEDS Dissipated and detached networks are not any more evident than in Leeds (Nuttgens, P, 1979). Through the span of the only remaining century city occupants have been driven from the City Center and out into suburbia leaving some urban territories disregarded, perilous and underused (Nuttgens, P, 1979) particularly during times of financial decay, for example, that accelerated by the credit crunch. Despite the fact that  £1.8 billion of significant property improvement has been embraced in Leeds in the course of the most recent 10 years, this piece of the City stays withdrew and standoffish, and numerous city occupants despite everything face prohibition or partition from network support. Maxwell Hutchinsons attestation that Leeds is building the skyscraper ghettos of tomorrow theyre neglecting to manufacture networks would show up especially exact, in spite of Leeds City Planning Policy that embarks to handle social rejection and cultivate better networks (BBC Inside Out Leeds Changing to improve things?) (Leeds City Council 2007, Sustainable Development in Leeds). HOW THE SITE STARTS TO RESOLVE THE PROBLEM The Fish Street zone is profound inside the industrially determined retail heart of Leeds City Center. The site, having once obliged flourishing blended use markets in the nineteenth Century, is presently an ugly backland space which for large brand retail outlets, is unappealing and restricted in size and monetary potential. Anyway it is the perfect spot to shape and build up a practical urban network which is available for all, comprehensive and network centered. SITE (PHYSICAL CONTEXT) 1500 1556 SITE CHOICE 100 94 The reuse and repositioning of old or underutilized structures and locales is basic to rejuvenating Leeds City Center and reestablishing scourged neighborhoods and supplanting them with increasingly prosperous networks. Six such regions were investigated to distinguish the best chances to shape an economical urban network inside Leeds City Center and advance open door for speculation, business endeavor and social communication. The locales were broke down as far as size, transport joins, nearness to network fundamental luxuries, foot fall, assembling and withdrawing, feeling of section and appearance, stopping and direction. THE SELECTED SITE? 100 109 The most appropriate area was the Fish Street Area. This area profits by fantastic footfall, penetrability and network (See Right). It lies straightforwardly between the two principle East-West person on foot courses over the City Center (Kirkgate and King Edwards Street) just as the primary North-South walker and vehicular courses (Briggate and Vicar Lane). The Fish Street zone is situated in nearness to the Victorian Boutique Retail Outlets, the City Markets and Briggate, which are all significant vacation destinations. Network basic courtesies are copious as are transport offices with significant transport courses on Vicar Lane and Leeds Railway Station is a brief leave. SITE INFORMATION 150 144 The Fish Street zone has a T arrangement as far as the road and building structure. The site comprises of three bunches of ugly and under-used structures including two storerooms and two once-over B grade business structures one of which is publicized for redevelopment. The Fish Street territory is commonly utilized as an avenue and a beauty parlor and two little bistros take into account some constrained network communication. The region fails to meet expectations earth, socially and monetarily and presents a generous open door for recovery The destinations absolute around 1030 sq m and have a road facing of 100 m. An impressive extent of the locales have a solitary facing. There is a slight fall of roughly 700mm from West to East over the site over a separation of 41 meters (1:59) and from North to South it is moderately level. Gathering of the site may require obligatory buy by the Local Authority under prosperity powers. VISUAL SURVEY 100 87 Prompt and removed limits and perspectives on the site have been examined. The outcomes are appeared over the accompanying pages. The Fish Street territory is encircled by a scope of engineering building styles and materials (See Conservation: Limitations and Opportunities). Anyway the red block and resplendent Victorian exteriors on King Edwards Street give the best case of compositional consistency and are run of the mill of the Victorian recorded structures around there of Leeds. Care must be taken to regard the language and articulation of these structures particularly as far as shading, materials and where practicable scale and tallness in any redevelopment. A great part of the site is anyway concealed in its own specific circumstance, giving some adaptability. Recognizable proof OF ANY EXISTING HAZARDS 300 242 GROUND CONDITIONS CONTAMINATION Fish Street lies adjoining Briggate and Kirkgate, two of the most seasoned avenues in Leeds going back to 1207. The nearness of previous basements, unconsolidated ground and establishments or basic associations with connecting structures will be inspected. The steadiness of connecting structures and any gathering divider issues should be surveyed. Any dangers related with previous coal mining will be inspected. Center and Lower Coal Measures are available across focal Leeds. These stores include a thick arrangement of rotating groups of dirts, shales, sandstone, mudstone and coal (LCC, 2001, Contaminated Land). HYDROLOGY The significant surface conduit inside the Leeds zone is the River Aire and Leeds Liverpool Canal. The Fish Street zone isn't inside flood hazard zones as of now distinguished (LCC, 2007, Sustainable Drainage in Leeds) Artificial HAZARDS Given the downtown area, the air quality and the commotion and light contamination levels will be evaluated and moderation taken where important to fulfill ecological guidelines. Vicar Lane is a significant vehicular course along these lines street wellbeing and air contamination must be thought of. The area and accessibility of gas, power and broadband administrations and foul and surface water channels should likewise be resolved through point by point overviews and interview. Ecological FACTORS 350 283 Atmosphere In Leeds precipitation midpoints 600mm every year (metoffice.gov.uk). The overwhelming breeze is from the South West with a normal speed of 10 bunches (windfinder.com). Despite the fact that the venture area is encircled by huge and visit impediments, channeling at ground level along Fish road, Kirkgate and King Edwards Street ought to be thought of. The Fish Street region is roughly 36m above ocean level. A

The jungle book Essay Example For Students

American workforce

The conduct segment implies the inclination to take negative activities against a specific gathering. The conduct stems structure perspectives and sentiments which establish preference. In spite of the fact that bias is commonly negative it isn't as harming as separation. The conduct segment causes it conceivable to make the contemplations to turn out to be genuine. Research has discovered that separation in any structure is inconvenient to the prosperity of the segregated individual (Mathis Jackson, 2004). The working environment is the spot wherein the representative comes to take a shot at his errands and to do his calling. In the event that the working environment is non-biased, the representative is bound to work adequately and proficiently and to build efficiency and execution also. The most widely recognized techniques utilized by associations to guarantee that their workplace is non-biased are to direct affectability trainings, to give arrangements to complaints and grievances of unfair conduct and to follow non-prejudicial rules as far as employing, determination and advancements. Affectability trainings are basic in many associations particularly if the organization is socially different just as sexual direction, inability and religion. The upsides of utilizing affectability trainings to cause representatives to get mindful of the preferences and separation they may have for others and shows the workers how to change their musings about minority bunches in an experiential way. It likewise imparts to every worker that an individual is an individual in his/her own privilege and ought to be regarded all things considered, and not be concurred regard dependent on one’s race, religion or sex. The inconvenience in utilizing this strategy is that ifâ employees don't have an inspirational demeanor towards the preparation then this would clearly restrict their ability to gain from the meetings. Additionally, affectability trainings are intermittently given and isn't strengthened in this manner constraining its viability. The arrangements for complaints and protests impart to the representatives that segregation won't go on without serious consequences by the administration. It is compelling as a control system to reduce separation in the working environment and cause the representatives to get careful of their conduct. This strategy doesn't generally guarantee that the work environment would be without segregation since it doesn't show the representatives why separation isn't right. It just considers individuals responsible for their activities, despite the fact that it gives the workers who have a place with the minority bunch comfort. In addition, segregation may come in unpretentious structures and not even numerous representatives who are survivors of separation will document a protest inspired by a paranoid fear of repercussions as far as official governmental issues. Recruiting, determination and advancement of representatives dependent on legitimacy and execution is a non-biased guideline to guarantee that individuals become some portion of the association dependent on models that can be accomplished by the vast majority. The trouble with this measure is that in spite of the fact that it is a goal measure, subjectivity is as yet present. It is regular information that with regards to advancements and in any event, choosing possibility for the activity a specific measure of subjectivity that can't be checked by a rule. It additionally doesn't consider that troughs may have their own partialities which may direct their choices on employing and advancement. References Bohlander, G. Snell, S. (2003). Overseeing Human Resources thirteenth ed., South-Western College Distribution Fitzenz, J. (2001). The most effective method to Measure Human Resource Management third. ed , New York; McGraw-Hill Mathis, R. Jackson, J. (2004). Human Resource Management eleventh ed., South-Western College Distribution American Workforce

Juvenile Delinquency and Parenting Styles Essay

There are four unique strategies to parent a kid; tyrant, tolerant, careless, and definitive. Adolescent misconduct has been seen as firmly identified with the kind of child rearing and bolster a youngster gets and is generally basic in the previous long periods of one’s pre-adulthood. Dictator is an exceptionally exacting, controlling, corrective, and cold child rearing style. This specific style follows with high control and develop requests, and low nurturance, just as correspondence. The offspring of a dictator parent ends up being quelled, profoundly forceful, wild; they likewise regularly have lower grades including a low self-idea. The second child rearing style is a lenient parent. Lenient guardians will in general be exceptionally remiss and conflicting taking into account a zero-limit approach. Tolerant guardians show high nurturance, and low development requests, control and correspondence. Offspring of a lenient parent will in general be increasingly forceful, youthful with peers, and less dependable/autonomous. Careless child rearing is the third child rearing style and one of the most negative and perilous. Careless guardians show no enthusiasm for their kids, and genuinely just as truly dismiss their kids. Guardians of disregard will in general show low control; assuming any, and the negative outcomes appear in absence of social connections, rashness, and sociopathic propensities. Adolescents who are particularly youthful (under age seven in many wards) are regularly positioned inside the control of network offices, for example, branches of human administrations or social government assistance. By and large guardians themselves may have mental issues, or experience the ill effects of medication or liquor conditions (Champion, 2009). On the as opposed to the three past child rearing styles, the best and most prescribed child rearing style is to be a definitive parent. Legitimate guardians are firm however reasonable with predictable limits. Dictator guardians are high on all parts of nurturance, development requests, control and correspondence. Definitive guardians will in general have youngsters that are increasingly philanthropic, have higher autonomy, and are greater accomplishment arranged. Nonetheless, excluded with the four regularly know child rearing styles, African-American families practice a style known as simple child rearing, which is a style in the middle of tyrant and legitimate (Ewing, 2006). Research shows that minimal measure of correspondence and structure the guardians ingrain in the kid, the more probable the kid is to be dynamic in reprobate exercises. Likewise a central point is the pay of the family, ordinarily when a double salary family needs to work a monstrous measure of hours just to keep up a way of life only appropriate to remain above water, the guardians are not home regularly enough to build up a relationship with their youngsters and disregard them without acknowledging it. Simply the equivalent is an aftereffect of a solitary parent abiding also (Black, 2010). Guardians are more as a rule than not, the main disciplinary viewpoint we experience before whatever else. As indicated by Black, guardians shape and move children’s lives when they hit the age of 5. Jacob Ind a subject and casualty of careless child rearing alongside misuse murdered his folks as â€Å"the just way out† (PBS, 2007). Presently as Jacob Ind is one story of many, he is only a case of how unreasonable child rearing can bring about adolescent wrongdoing and potentially even criminal conduct. Jacob Ind’s guardians were careless and damaging guardians which drove Jacob into a way of wrong doing. Jacob was indicted for two checks of first-degree murder (PBS, 2007). Adolescent wrongdoing regularly goes undetected in homes with the lenient and careless child rearing styles as a result of the low control, requests, and correspondence. The parent is regularly uninvolved and removed in the relationship with the kid, if there is any whatsoever. Definitive guardians will in general stuff their youngsters and can make high measures of pressure and forcefulness since they feel almost no space to unwind without the steady concern of how their parent will respond. As a child rearing style assumes a significant job in the creating of a youngster and the anticipation of wrongdoing and misconduct, a primary region that is over-looked is the conduct in school. As per Dr. Eric Lewkowiez, absence of positive good examples help in savage conduct in view of an undetected issue; for instance, consideration shortfall hyperactivity issue as well as social clumsiness. Different components that would go undetected due to absence of intrigue appeared by a parent or instructor could be tormenting by peers, low evaluations since they basically don't comprehend the material in a similar house the remainder of the study hall does, and the absence of capacity to just center (Mirshak, 2011). Taking everything into account, guardians are the shape-shifters of their youngsters, just as their child’s peers. On the off chance that any movement appears to be irregular for a kid, the most significant thing is to not release it unnoticed. Youngsters need consideration; nonetheless, they need the correct consideration. The best and best style of child rearing for positive conduct is definitive. Nobody parent is impeccable nor does one parent consistently recognize what to do in a circumstance when their youngster is carrying on or getting into mischief, yet moving toward it at the best edge (legitimate) is the best hindrance for reprobate and criminal conduct.

Essay --

Pearl Harbor was one of the most persuasive occasions in American history. From the earliest starting point Japan and America had their own social perspectives and generalizations about one another that a fight will undoubtedly happen. On December 7, 1941 the country of Japan conveyed an armada of their Imperial naval force to assault the American held base on the island of Oahu. Driving this assault was Japanese chief naval officer Isoroku Yamamoto who was a militarily key genius.† Yamamoto was anticipating sinking the whole American Pacific armada so the U.S naval force could be put out of the war until further notice and the Japanese naval force could proceed with their extension in the Southwest Pacific.†(book)(Gordon Prange 136-138) â€Å"Isoroku Sadayoshi later known as Yamamoto was conceived in Nagaoka Japan August fourth, 1884. He was the child of a devastated teacher, Takano Teikichi, and his second spouse Mineko. Isoroku had a place with the Echigo family, a faction of warriors who had opposed unification of Japan during the rule of the Meiji head. He was given the name â€Å"Isoroku† which implied 56 by his dad who was that age when Isoroku was conceived in the little town of â€Å"Kishigun Sonshomura† which was an island that delivered generally mariners which would be an impact in Isoroku’s love of the ocean and naval force. At age 16, in the wake of taking serious assessments, He selected the Naval Academy at Etajima, off the shore of Hiroshima where he overwhelmed thorough physical and mental training.Graduating in 1904 as seventh in his group, he battled against Russia's Baltic Fleet at Tsushima, a waterway among Japan and Korea, in a commitment perceived by students of history a s a significant definitive fight. As an ensign on the cruiser Nisshin,part of the defensive screen for Admiral Togo Heihachiro's lead Mikasa,Isorok... ...Pacific. Specifically, he needed to thank troops recuperating from their trial on Guadalcanal. At age 59, he was worn out, fatigued of war, and of life itself: I have slaughtered many of the foe, and my very own significant number men have been executed. So I accept the opportunity has arrived for me to pass on as well. During the Guadalcanal struggle, his hair had turned blanketed white. In April 1943, U.S. insight distinguished development reports of general Yamamoto's armada, Eighteen American Lightning planes were hanging tight for the principal endeavor in history to trap an adversary president noticeable all around. On the eighteenth, his airplane, under the escort of nine zeroes, was shot somewhere around a P-38 close Kahili in southern Bougainville. On June 5, the naval commander's remains were regarded in Tokyo at the across the country service, this was the biggest tribute in Japan since Admiral Togo and both were in 1934.(Gordon Prange) (343-356)

Opinion Essay Samples Helps You Write Better Essays

Opinion Essay Samples Helps You Write Better EssaysOpinion essay samples are probably one of the most popular topics of writing nowadays. The reason for this is that many people out there are looking for ways to make their essay into a great deal more useful to the purpose of passing an exam or other relevant events. For those of you that are unsure how an opinion can become beneficial to an essay, here are some reasons why you should think about writing an opinion essay in the first place.Firstly, the online solution is much faster and can reach anyone from anywhere in the world in a matter of just few minutes. There are many of the software solutions that make this possible. One of these is Opinion Essay Online, which also helps you to prepare your sample by providing you with options on how to create your own design. This can help you ensure that your opinions will be composed in a way that it will be accepted to the best of its ability.Secondly, with Opinion Essay Online, you can also save more time than what you would have spent reading through a manual of a manual. These solutions have been created in such a way that they save your time and even make it easier to come up with good thoughts on your topic. They are specifically written to be easier to understand and use. With time, you can develop your skills at presenting an opinion so that you can prepare for it accordingly.Thirdly, when it comes to Opinion Essay Online, you can also benefit from the fact that there are options such as 'white papers'. This feature is considered as an interactive option that allows you to organize the information according to your wants. In addition, you can also create an outline of the entire content of your topic in order to help the software to perform a better job in completing your project.Fourthly, Opinion Essay Online can also assist you to give the feedback about your subject matter. This is the method of how a lot of people decide to write an opinion. You may opt to include comments or feedback about your paper that helps to improve it. You can also post your comments in a group that will be approved by the software in addition to getting reviews on it.Lastly, Opinion Essay Online can also save you a lot of time that you may have spent on searching for materials for writing your opinion. You will not have to take time to search through a lot of PDFs or even copies of them as they are generated from a computer. Also, you don't have to take time to search for themes or titles that can help you select your own ideas to write your opinion.Opinion samples can also make it easier for you to work on the topics that you have. As you are able to use the software, you won't have to worry about the timing and if you are consistent on writing your opinion, you will be sure to get your essay completed faster. This will also make you less likely to forget any important details as well as giving you confidence when it comes to the rest of the project that you will have to complete.It can be very difficult to write an opinion essay without finding templates or samples that you can easily utilize. In addition, you also need to make sure that you have identified the person who will be using your opinion.

Research the Less Developed States in Era of Globalization - 4125 Words

Roles Played by the Less Developed States in Era of Globalization (Essay Sample) Content: Roles Played By Less Developed States In The Era Of GlobalizationUniversitys NameSubmitted by Names:Tutor:Date:IntroductionLess developed states want to have high-value and a more developed economy and for them to realize this is through having a well-educated workforce and embrace globalization. Creating an excellent skilled economy leads to economic development, reduction of inequalities in income distribution and achievement of cohesion in social setup. These policy considerations work on the perspectives of a skilled economy, which allows use of ideas that are very innovative and use technical personnel to hold on key to competitive new global challenge. The case for India and China producing technology, high-value added products has motivated less developed countries to re-evaluate the issue of global economic challenge.Dimensions of GlobalizationGlobalization is an issue of multi-dimensional transformational process that has diverse interpretations and meanings in an economic and non-economic perspective. Some economists argue that it you can reverse globalization while others view globalization as a threat to the countrys economy. Less developed countries should view globalization in the first perspective that it is inevitable and irreversible for the purpose of prospering and surviving in an increasingly competitive and integrated global economy. Globalization has effects on the distribution of income between countries or within a particular country. A country may benefit economically when it is subjected to global changes or it can be negatively affected, especially if the forces of globalization are compelling. It is about the consequences of globalization that the state in the developing country draws mechanisms to repatriate to globalization impacts (Stiglitz, 2012).The State Should Aim At Generating EmploymentA case study in China shows that its unemployment rate has reduced to about 4.3%. The Chinese government decided to create mo re job opportunities as a counter measure to fight poverty and encourage globalization. Employment creates more National income and therefore the country is able to expand its scope of business within its territory and outside in other countries.Poor countries like India and China are growing at an increasing rate because they have strong incentives towards innovation (Khalid, 2014). Creating reproductive employment opportunities provide a chance to create innovative minds to come up with products that compete in global market, enabling the smaller economies set aside differences and be able to attain greater opportunities for themselves. Economies in undeveloped countries tend to have adverse impacts that are limiting on the side of unemployment such that more developed countries through the capability can influence greatly employment sector by bringing their workforce in undeveloped countries, hence increasing the rate of unemployment. The government can retaliate by coming up wit h more reproductive employment opportunities (Stiglitz, 2012).Offer Social Services That Are Complimentary To Its DwellersThe government requires meeting the high needs of its social services in the world market. In a global economy, public goods are highly demanded, as the majority in undeveloped countries cannot afford paying for the goods offered to them. Chinas economy has progressed positively as the citizens are motivated by the social services provided for them like free medical care and education services. When the undeveloped country comes out with a scheme to offer its citizens with social services, they will be encouraged and will always work towards achieving the countries goals and objectives. Social service improves the welfare of the citizens in a particular country and it is a big indicator for economic development as it helps those that cannot afford to buy those services. Provision of social amenities helps the country to reduce the gap between the rich and the poo r as the poor will be able to access free services without being charged. In addition, it helps to eliminate the issue of inequality since it is aimed at equal distribution of social services among the citizens of that particular country (Raworth, 2012).The Government Should Set A Minimum Wage That Reflects The Majority Of Its Workers NeedsStates in undeveloped country should aim towards balancing the wages earned by citizens by moving it towards a living wage for all workers. Globalization creates opportunities in countries that are undeveloped through integration into the global economy and therefore to encourage the citizens to embrace globalization the country should strive to ensure that the minimum wage reflect the living wage for all workers. This ensures that the poor in the society benefit from integration and therefore when the resources are distributed equally among the citizens it increases the countries GDP because when given the same opportunities as the rich, the poor will fully utilize on the resources provided to them and therefore they will help increase the countrys national income. Globalization saw the economy of China and India increase with that of China increasing to 44.2% due to increased trade (Corak, 2012).The state should aim at increasing participation of workers representatives in making decisionsWorkers understand better the operations of the company they work for and therefore they are able to notice any change that is brought about by globalization both in multinational and national companies. The state should offer them a chance make very important decisions of the company as they are the ones who understand better the impacts of the change and the implications of the decisions made. Giving workers to make decisions of the firm help to solve the issue of inequality, as they are not subjected to harsh decisions that favor those that are well off. Workers decisions are very important as they favor them and therefore help each wo rker to improve his or her living standard, which in turn increases the countrys GDP. Indonesia has reduced the number of people living in poverty by giving its workers mandate to make companys decisions, which have worked on the side of workers and helped solve the issue of poverty. Therefore, the Indonesian government has managed to reduce poverty numbers to 1.7 million people during the time of globalization (Milanovic, 2009).Develop action plans to tackle forced labor in workplaces within their bordersGlobalization causes sources labor, especially when it is accompanied with the migration of people. The country needs to develop a comprehensive plan to help tackle the issue of forced labor since it causes suffering among the citizens, which reduces their productivity as they disturbed mentally with the psychological torture they experience from the process. There is no transparency in forced labor since the revenue generated from forced labor cannot be accounted for because the i ndividuals carrying the operation do not want to be noticed by the government since it is an illegal business. The use of Chinese labor in business ventures abroad is a contentious issue since the labor provides abroad can be limiting such that the Chinese origins suffer the impact of forced labor of forced trade. This lowers the states net collection of revenue. The action plan to be developed should include the mechanisms that should be used to address the issue of forced labor, which leads to a backward economic increase (Lauder, and P 2006).Implement policies which increase womens participation in state development programOne of the most disturbing and oldest types of inequality is gender inequality, which implies that men and women are not given the same benefits they are supposed to derive from the economy. There is similarity between gender discrimination and inequality in income distribution. Globalization is accompanied by economic inequality and therefore it will also resu lt to issues of gender inequality since they go hand in hand. The government should ensure that there is equal participation of women and men in economic development and ensure that they all access to and have control over wealth and income created. Male is well represented compared to his female counterparts. The study of 2500 people who attended the 2014 world economic forum showed that 15% were men women. To strike a balance the state in undeveloped country should give equal opportunity to its citizens irrespective of their gender. This will ensure that a countrys resources are well distributed to all people and therefore lead to economic development. A case study of China shows that women who hold managerial position are more innovative than the men are more innovative than their male counterparts are and therefore when there is equal participation the economy of the country will develop due the additional income created by the women (Milanovic, 2009).Reason Behind why the Count ry Should Implement Laws That Make It CompulsoryPolicies and regulations protect the country from negative outcomes that are brought about by globalization. The policies set should determine the rate of economic growth and reduce the effect of unemployment either through job creation or through building of more manufacturing industries. The policies also should guide the size of external business, in the country and regulates their mode of conduct such that they should help to improve the economy and not to influence it backwards. They should be geared towards attainment of high economic development and get rid of those that are disadvantaged. Policies can also be the in form of who makes which decisions and the proportion to which each gender is represented in work so that there is no overrepresentation of a certain gender. There is a myth that helps the ...

Essay about The Farce of Prison Rehabilitation - 895 Words

The Farce of Prison Rehabilitation After Earl Shriner was released from Prison in 1987, he raped and strangled a seven-year-old boy, then cut off his penis and left him to die (Leo). Reginald Muldrew, who is linked to more than 200 sexual attacks, served sixteen years and was released from prison, only to create trouble again in Indiana (Leo). Did these individuals receive the right punishment or rehabilitation for their imprisonment crime? A prison is an institution for confining and punishing people who have been convicted of committing a crime. A prison is supposed to punish criminals by restricting their freedom of where they can go, what they can do, and with whom they may associate. In America, 1.1 million†¦show more content†¦The weight lifting machines are luxuries that make inmates even stronger and more dangerous. Ron Martiscelli, the recreation director at Floridas Tomoka correctional facility, comments that the guys that work out have more discipline and self-esteem than just about anyone else in the prison (Taylor). Sergeant Andrew Lammers, of the Milwaukee House of Corrections, states that [ex-cons] dont walk into a store, pop out their biceps and say, Give me your money (Taylor). Yet in 1993, a Kansas correctional officer was killed by an inmate weilding a weight. The deterrence and rehabilitation of prisons is clearly a purpose that is not being fulfilled. The actions of Earl Shriner and Reginald Muldrew are examples that show this. Claiming prisons as being effective, one might say that these are just isolated cases. In 1993, fifty-three percent of prisoners released were reconvicted within two years (Reducing). The idea of sentencing a criminal for a period of time in a prison isnt working, so prisons should focus more on changing their rehabilitation programs. Life in prison should be like the outside world as much as possible, given the fact of imprisonment. Prisoners would be less prepared if the prison environment is artificial and abnormal compared to the outside world they will have to encounter later on. A prisoner also needs to keep family ties. Research inShow MoreRelatedPolice Shootings Across The Racial Lines Essay859 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica is still a country separated by black and white. Inequality makes a decisive appearance in much of what Americans do. This can be seen simply by looking at death row statistics. African American males fill much of the death row slots in the prison systems. Similarly, a disproportionate amount of fatal police shootings involve black males. 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What Makes A Good Supervisor Essay - 1165 Words

A good supervisor will inspire, challenge, and motivate their employees. In addition, a supervisor has the ability to stay focused and is able see the big picture. However, one could possibly argue that the best quality that a good supervisor must possess is the skill to recognize the potential in others. Nevertheless, the most important skill a supervisor must possess is the ability to help those around realize their own potential. But is that all there is to a good supervisor? Or is there more? In an interview with Mrs. Jill Wilcox, a recently retired Assistant Claims Manager for a prominent workmen’s compensation insurance company thinks that the emotional intelligence of an employee also has to do with the ability to lead their team.†¦show more content†¦Emotional Intelligence is defined as: †¦good old street smarts-knowing when to share sensitive information with colleagues, laugh at the boss’s jokes, or speak up in a meeting. In more scientific terms, †¦ [emotional intelligence] can be defined as an array of noncognitive skills, capabilities, and competencies that influence a person’s ability to cope with environmental demands and pressures.1 â€Å"Book smarts will only get you so far, what really defines one’s success is how you use the opportunities that are presented.† Wilcox stated. If a supervisor can grasp this concept in addition to learning the necessary skills, it will build and enforce a loyalty between them and their team. By demonstrating a willingness to consider both sides of an issue and making decisions on the facts, employees will be confident that they too will receive fair treatment. This statement proves to be easier said than done. When you work in an office of 75 claims adjusters alone it makes it extremely di fficult to deal with all the personalities. Even in your own team of 10, making each individual claims adjuster feel worthy, proves to be a tough task, which is why having the emotional intelligence is necessary. Having the skills to complete a task can prove to be a difficult one. But if the supervisor can bring the team to work together as a cohesive unit by using emotional intelligence, it will establish and reinforce the employee-supervisor relationship. Wilcox claims, â€Å"A supervisorShow MoreRelatedReflection On Social Work1026 Words   |  5 Pagesthe general love for her job and role as a supervisor. I was observing her facial expressions throughout the interview. I have never seen so much excitement from a person in a supervisory role. She truly enjoys being the person others can come to and learn from. One of the specifics that stood out to me was when she said, â€Å"Really get to know your people.† (C. Pressley, personal communication. October 23, 2017). I bel ieve this is something all supervisors should do. Along with observing her expressionsRead MoreCreating A Culture Of Quality1069 Words   |  5 Pageswithin the service. An article in EMSWorld states that reliability, maturity, adaptability, and good judgement are four traits to look for when hiring employees. These traits can be difficult identify that an applicant portrays due to only being with the applicant for a short amount of time in the interview process. Looking for small clues can be a large assistance. Reliability can be assessed by what time the applicant arrives. If you are 15 minutes early you are on time and if you are on time youRead MoreHow to be a Great Supervisor Essay590 Words   |  3 Pagesof what makes a perfect supervisor will of course vary in its definition and interpretation from person to person. However there are four main points that most people will agree upon that makes a supervisor a cut if you will above the rest. A supervisor should always strive to be as ethical and moral in his decisions as possible. This will lead his subordinates to respect his decisions more often even if they do not always agree with him. Another characteristic of a respectable supervisor is hisRead MoreWhat Makes a Good Leader1603 Words   |  7 PagesWhat Makes a Leader In the three surveys that I took about what makes a good leader, all three of the individuals agreed on relatively the same thing. Not one of the survey takers chose the answer neither agree nor disagree or worse. Each answer was agree or strongly agree to the fourteen questions. A leader has great characteristics and the ability to motivate others. In this paper, I will go over their results and talk about what makes a good leader. There are three main things that makeRead MoreEssay on Effective communication and its importance to supervision1585 Words   |  7 PagesCommunication can often be overlooked and good communication skills can be easily assumed. If there is a lack of effective communication within an organization it can potentially affect every process. Every aspect and function of an organization relies on communication in some form. A supervisor must realize that only by ensuring effective communication can they have the proper expectations from their employees. Employees must receive adequate instruction, understand what their responsibility contains, andRead MoreCase Study: Facilities Scheduling at Mayer Manufacturing882 Words   |  4 PagesStudy Analysis Facilities Scheduling at Mayer Manufacturing Reference Case from Project Management, A Systems approach to planning, scheduling and controlling by Harold Kerzner, PH.D. Synopsis The case study describes a situation of a section supervisor Eddie Turner, who has recently been promoted to this position by his superiors and is responsible for scheduling activities in the new engineering laboratory. However, he is having troubles pursuing his new job as the scheduling and establishingRead More1. Identify the Major Managerial Skills Needed by Every Supervisor. Why Are These Important?837 Words   |  4 Pages1. Identify the major managerial skills needed by every supervisor. Why are these important? The major managerial skills are technical, human relations, administrative, conceptual, leadership, political and emotional intelligence skills. The Managerial skills which are required by managers working at different levels of management. The top-level managers require more conceptual skills and less technical skills. The lower-level managers require more technical skills and fewer conceptual skills.Read MoreDesign Of Training And Programs For New Supervisors For Your Company1131 Words   |  5 PagesThe following proposal concerns the design of training and programs for new supervisors for your company. Starting a new business can be a challenging task and your success will be determined by finding the right people to do the required work. Finding good supervisors who have the skills required for selecting and appraising employees is key. All levels of supervision share this task. The first step is to find employees that meet the requirements of the jobs and to retain those emplo yees. This isRead MoreReflective Essay on Supervisor1474 Words   |  6 Pagescharacteristics of a successful supervisor† All employees in different work situations experience dissimilar behavior of their boss, but they believe that some same qualities are visible on them. In my view and especially, considering the nature of field I belong to (which is providing health care to sick patients), a lead tech (supervisor) who is in charge over his employees for achieving the main goals of his/her company should have a number of characteristics such as good-mannerism, impartialityRead MoreSupervisor Development By Craig Paul1621 Words   |  7 PagesSupervisor Development By Craig Paul Many companies have philosophies on how an organization is to be functioning and which positions are indispensable to execute the plan. A fundamental position that makes the business function is that of a Supervisor. The word supervisor is Latin which means â€Å"to look over,† however, a supervisor is viewed as a person who is a direct overseer to an employee at a workplace. The supervisor is the person an employee would directly report to for any work related circumstances

Outsourcing And Cost Reduction In Hotel Chain - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Outsourcing And Cost Reduction In Hotel Chain. Answer: Introduction: The global hotel chains are outsourcing some of their operations as a part of the cost cutting and efficiency boosting strategies. The author has selected the customer care department of the Canadian international hotel chain, the Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts for the study (fourseasons.com 2017). The assignment would first introduce the department and then proceed to prove why the outsourcing of the department would be profitable for the hotel chain. The last section would study the positive and negative effects of outsourcing the department and provide recommendations to deal with the negative effects of the outsourcing. Selected department: The customer care departments of the Four Seasons located all round the world handle quarries from customers over the phone regarding matters like room bookings and facilities available. They transfer the calls to the relevant departments if the queries of customers are pertaining to more intricate matters like payment issues. Customer care departments of Four Seasons all over the world employ thousands of employees. The department requires minimum training due to its limited scope of job and in large number of cases, depends on other departments to answer customer questions successfully (Saeidi et al., 2015 p. 345). However, employing this vast number of customer care employees adds to the salary expenditure of the international hotel chains, which cannot be justified against the minimum job responsibilities of these customer care employees compared to other departments like accounts and food and beverage. Hence, in the light of the discussion, the Canada based international hotel c hain can propose to outsource its customer departments globally to local third party consultancies, which would be responsible for sourcing and paying the customer care employees (Kang Park 2014, p. 1047). This would reduce the cost of the international hotel chain to acquire and maintain the customer care department employees in all its global branches. Identification of roles, tasks and functions of customer care department: The following are the roles, tasks and functions of the customer care department with reference to the accommodation management: Roles: The customer care department receives and answers the queries of the customers pertaining to booking and accommodation related matters. The customer care department communicates important information like change of accommodation arrangements. It transfer the calls to the concerned departments where the customers want to gain information in matters pertaining to other departments like, in case the customers want to gain information about payment status, the customer care transfer the call to the front office department (Nguyen et al., 2014 p. 1100). Tasks: The following are the tasks conducted by the customer care department: Receiving calls from the customers. Inquiring them about their queries. Answering their questions and queries. Transferring their calls to other departments if the customers want. Functions: The customer care department of Four Seasons functions as a component of the accommodation management of international hotels. The customer care department gains necessary information about the needs of the customers and communicates the information to relevant departments (Kamaruddin, Osman Pei 2017, p. 34). Accommodation management is a very important function that is managed very strategically in the international hotels like the Four Seasons. The accommodation managers look after smooth management of accommodation facilities like safety, guest management and finances. The customer care gains information from customers about their needs. For example, the customers inquire about the types of rooms available and payment modes. The customer care department communicates the information to the accommodation department (Islam, Ahmed Razak 2015, p. 245). The accommodation managers gain information about the preferences of the customers through the customer care department. They can use this information to arrange the rooms and suits as per the requirements of the customers. Thus, this management of the international properties of the Four Seasons according to the preferences of the high profile customers result in ensuring customer satisfaction, which earns the hotel chain more revenue (Huss ain, Al Nasser Hussain 2015, p.169). This analysis shows that the customer care functions as a link between the customers and accommodation management department. Role of the customer and customer needs and steps of accommodation management: Role if customers: The customers play the following roles, which contribute to the importance of the customer care departments in the international chains of hotels like the Four Seasons: The customers are the bases of the job responsibilities, career growth and all other career related aspects of the customer care department. The job responsibilities of the customer care employees consist of receiving and responding to the calls from the customers. Thus, the customers serve as the essence of the job of the customer care department (Chow, Lai Loi 2015, p.364). The customers contribute to the career growth of the customer care department of the employees of the international hotel chains like the Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts. The job role of customer care employees consists of not only receiving calls from customers but also providing them with appropriate solutions. The customers give ratings according to their experiences and level of customer satisfaction after speaking to the customer service executives. These ratings and reviews indicate the efficiency of the customer service department employees in meeting customer requirements and prove their efficiency. The senior managers use these ratings by customers as measurement of the performance of the customer care department employees (Mitchell, Palacios Leachman 2014, p.14). The HR department and the senior management take into consideration these ratings while appraising the employees. This analysis shows that customers play the very important in career growth of the employees of the customer care department. Customer needs pertaining to the customer care department: The following are the needs of the customers pertaining to the customer care departments of the Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts: The customers expect prompt over-the-telephone services of the customer care departments of the Four Seasons. The Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts is an international chain of hotels offering luxurious accommodations all over the world. The consumers would expect the employees of the customer care departments of the hotel chain to be more efficient and resourceful to give appropriate answers to their questions (Johnson, Leenders McCue 2017, p.60). The customers booking accommodation facilities of the Four Seasons expect the customer care department to convey their concerns efficiently and promptly to the concerned departments. For example, if they want any specific food, the customer care department should convey the information to the food and beverage department. Steps the accommodation manager takes to ensure that hotel meets customer needs: The accommodation manager at the Four Seasons apply the following steps to ensure that the services at the international hotel chain meet customer needs and create positive experience among the customers: Set the target customer satisfaction level: The accommodation managers in different locations of the Four Seasons first set the benchmark of customer satisfaction, which the staff members working in the different departments like food and beverage and room service departments have to achieve. The performance of the staffs can be judged based on the feedback from the high-end customers of the properties all round the world (Brown Matsa 2016, p.510). Measure the actual performance level: The accommodation manager would measure that actual performance level of the staffs based on the ratings and reviews received from the customers. If the employees receive high rating from the customers, it means that the international hotel chain is able to meet the needs of the premium customers who stay or visit the different properties of Four Seasons all over the world (Graf et al., 2013 p.70). Training of the employees: The accommodation manager should train the employees he manages to ensure that their knowledge and competencies are always at par with the expectations of the customers. This would ensure that the hotel staff members are able to serve the customers to the highest degree of efficiently to ensure customer satisfaction. This would ensure that the hotel chain as a whole is able to meet the needs of the customers and create positive response among them (Rhodes et al., 2016 p.63). Viability of the outsourcing, benefits and drawbacks of an outsourced organisation: The above discussion shows that outsourcing is a viable solution for the customer care department of the Four Seasons in all their properties. First, the customer care department does not serve the customers directly and secondly, it is dependent on other departments to offer solutions to customers. Thirdly, the scope of the customer care department is not as broad as the finance or the HR department. Moreover, the department employs large number of employees and paying them salary adds to the cost of the hotel company (Tseng 2016, p.210). This shows that it viable to outsource the customer care employees to third party consultancies. However, the following would the benefits and drawbacks, which the Four Seasons would experience on outsourcing its customer case department. Advantages: Outsourcing would reduce the expenditure of the company: Outsourcing the customer care employees would enable the international hotel chain to reduce its salary expenditure. The customer care department does not serve customer directly and is dependent on other departments. Moreover, their scope of work is limited compared to the crucial departments like finance and marketing. Thus outsourcing the customer care department would reduce the expenditure the company bears on the strategically less important department (Chuang Lin 2017, p.25). Reduced cost of talent acquisition: Outsourcing the customer care employees to third party consultants would result in reduced cost of talent acquisition for the international hotel chain. The consultancies dealing with the customer care employees would take the responsibility of acquiring employees according to the requirements of the hotel chain. Thus, the hotel chain would able to reduce the cost of acquiring and staffing customer care employees. Disadvantages: Interference of the third party consultants: The third party consultants because of outsourcing of customer care employees would gain indirect control over the hotel companys operations. The customer care employees would be under the payroll of the third party consultancies and as they would be more responsible to the consultancies than to the hotel chain for their performance. Thus, the consultancies would indirectly control the customer care department on the hotel (Rhodes et al., 2016 p.64). Lack of control: The third party employees would be under the control of the consultancy firms and not under direct control of the hotel company. As a result the management practically would have minimum control over them or say over their performances. The hotel group will not be able to take any actions if these third party employees are caught adopting unethical or fraudulent means because they are not on roll employees of the hotel company (Chuang Lin 2017, p.25). Recommendations: The following are the recommendations, which can be offered to the management of the Four Seasons regarding outsourcing of the customer care department employees: The hotel group must outsource the lower and entry-level customer care employees. The managers should be under the payroll of the hotel group. This will allow the hotel to control the outsource employees through higher level on roll employees. The hotel group must offer promotion and absorb these outsource employees on the grounds of their performances. This will have two outcomes. First, the outsource employee will perform more efficiently to come under the pay roll of the hotel and second, it will allow the hotel group keep the efficient employees under its payroll. Thus, it would be curb the control of the third party consultancies over the customer care department. Conclusion: The above study shows that though the customer care department of the Four Seasons plays the crucial role of dealing with customer questions, its scope of activity is limited compared to departments like finance and marketing. This makes the customer care department liable for outsourcing to third party companies. However, as recommended above, the management of the international hotel chain should form strategies to control these outsource employees and reduce the interference of the consultancies in its operations. References: Brown, J. Matsa, D.A., 2016. Boarding a sinking ship An investigation of job applications to distressed firms.The Journal of Finance,71 vol.2, p.507-550. Chow, C.W., Lai, J.Y. Loi, R., 2015. Motivation of travel agents' customer service behavior and organizational citizenship behavior: The role of leader-member exchange and internal marketing orientation.Tourism Management. Chuang, S.H. Lin, H.N., 2017. Performance implications of information-value offering in e-service systems: Examining the resource-based perspective and innovation strategy.The Journal of Strategic Information Systems,26 vol..1. Fourseasons.com. 2017.London Luxury Hotel | 5-Star Hotel | Four Seasons at Ten Trinity Square. Available at: https://www.fourseasons.com/content/fourseasons/en/properties/tentrinity/ As at 26 Dec. 2017. Graf, M., Schlegelmilch, B.B., Mudambi, S.M. Tallman, S., 2013. Outsourcing of customer relationship management: Implications for customer satisfaction.Journal of Strategic Marketing,21. Hussain, R., Al Nasser, A. Hussain, Y.K., 2015. Service quality and customer satisfaction of a UAE-based airline: An empirical investigation.Journal of Air Transport Management. Islam, R., Ahmed, S. Razak, D.A., 2015. Identifying the gaps between customer expectations and perceptions on service quality dimensions of Islamic banks in Malaysia.International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences. Johnson, P.F., Leenders, M.R. McCue, C., 2017. A comparison of purchasings organizational roles and responsibilities in the public and private sector.Journal of Public Procurement. Kamaruddin, R., Osman, I. Pei, C.A.C., 2017. Customer expectations and its relationship towards public transport in Klang Valley.Journal of ASIAN Behavioural Studies. Kang, D. Park, Y., 2014. based measurement of customer satisfaction in mobile service: Sentiment analysis and VIKOR approach.Expert Systems with Applications,41 no.4, p.1041-1050. Mitchell, M., Palacios, V. Leachman, M., 2014. States are still funding higher education below pre-recession levels.Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. Nguyen, H., Groth, M., Walsh, G. Hennig?Thurau, T., 2014. The impact of service scripts on customer citizenship behavior and the moderating role of employee customer orientation.Psychology Marketing. Rhodes, J., Lok, P., Loh, W. Cheng, V., 2016. Critical success factors in relationship management for services outsourcing.Service Business. Saeidi, S.P., Sofian, S., Saeidi, P., Saeidi, S.P. Saaeidi, S.A., 2015. How does corporate social responsibility contribute to firm financial performance The mediating role of competitive advantage, reputation, and customer satisfaction.Journal of Business Research. Tseng, S.M., 2016. Knowledge management capability, customer relationship management, and service quality.Journal of enterprise information management,29 no.2, pp.202-221.

Market Risk Analysis Practical Econometrics

Question: Discuss about the Market Risk Analysis for Practical Econometrics. Answer: Introduction Planet gas limited is a company listed in the Australian Stock Exchange commonly known as the ASX. As its name suggests, the company deals with gas and oil globally but its core businesses are concentrated in the United States of America and Australia. The reason for this strategy is that both countries have a rich natural resource and high affinity for gases and oil due to them being industrial countries. The areas of the project in the United States are Appalachia and New York cities while in Australia the company projects are found in South Australia a region well known as the copper basin. There are people who are the drivers of this company and help in the implementation of the companys goals and objectives (Alexander, 2008). They include the board of management for long term decision making, the chief executive officer and the chief finance officer for short term operational decisions of the company. In this paper we are going to look at the various responsibilities of a chief finance officer. Responsibilities of a CFO The chief financial officer has various functions in an organization. The chief finance officer of the company is a key figure in companys management committees and the board of directors and management (Alexander, 2008). In times of crisis of the company, the chief finance officer is responsible for all financial decisions that the company undertakes for approval by the companys board of directors. A company like planet gas limited does not only want an experienced chief finance officer but a highly trained one with professional qualifications having led other numerous companies. This is a highly prestigious position second from the chief executive officer who is the overall decision maker in the company. In most cases, the chief finance officer is the automatic successor of the chief executive officer when the company does not want to hire from outside. A chief financial officer needs a high practical guidance from both experience and professional skills acquired through learning. A finance degree is most appropriate in the chief finance officer but a masters in finance is also an added advantage : (Barnes, 2009). Professional courses in finance also are an added advantage in acquiring chief finance officer competency. Among the primary or fundamental functions of a chief financial officer of planet gas limited are; Liquidity management of the company- not only does the chief executive officer manage the companys liquidity by the bank route, that is the balances in the companys bank accounts but also evaluation of good customers where the company uses credit terms to sell. Managing to collect on time and cash flows forecasting which is a standard requirement according to the international standards of accounting (Bragg, 2003). This makes the companies to avoid deep liquidity issues that may affect the companys liquidity position. There is always sufficient liquidity that a company meets their monetary commitments. Managing the liquidity of companies, not only by the banking route, but also; evaluating good customers to whom the company sells on credit, managing to collect on time and making good cash flow forecasts to avoid falling into situations of illiquidity and generally making sure that there is always sufficient liquidity for the company meets their monetary commitments. The chief financial officer organizes the bank finances terms.Achieve bank financing on the best terms and meet the needs of the company, both in the short and medium and long term. We all know that achieving funding is not easy, at this time (Karaian, n.d.). Planet gas limited is highly liquid and requires lot of cash flows due to its operations. A gas and oil company should not have financial difficulties and should be required to make early cash flow intake in case of detected problems. A CFO will make known the cash flow requirements to the board of directors while also making it necessary to make it known of the cash flows problems in the company. The third test is judicial analysis of investments policies of the company. Judiciously analyzing the investment policy; their need, profitability and form of financing for the companys financial needs. Investment decisions are made by the companys directors with the help of technocrats like the CFO. to know the return on investments of the company in projects and the return on investors equity, the company should seek guidance from the chief finance officer of the company. Application of efficient and effective systems in cash flow creates the best strategy for the company in the future in terms of liquidity. Most businesses are used to making profits based on the economic conditions at that time; however a good chief financial officer should look for diversification processes as well as immediate plans to increase profitability. Additionally, the CFO should put in place a proper system of cost control, applying criteria of effectiveness and efficiency to bolster performances of the company. The issue is not spending, but spending just enough to generate value for the company. Spending arbitrary may not increase the chances of the company to have more profits but tends to reduce the profits in place. Decision making in companies must be based on good information that will allow proper management and the responsibility they have this good information, often rests with the figure of the CFO. The CFO is not limited to generate this information, but also must be able to make a thorough analysis of it, facilitating the work of decision-making other departments and generally throughout the company. As you can see has become a key figure increasingly respected and loved because for many reasons, the smooth running of the company depends on who can do their job very well, with good sense and professionalism (Karaian, n.d.). Controllership duties this is providing information that is financially important and relevant to Planet Gas Limited and its position in the financial markets. For the basis of effective decision making, the information should always be meaningful and practical. The mission of the CFO is to make relevant, timely, comparable and verifiable financial information for long term, short term and medium term decision making of the company. Systems establishment and upgrading of the information system that is available should be a core mandate of a serious chief executive for the purpose of making good the companys investment. Other duties include the administrative and tax matters that the company will pay to the tax man for future decision making. System of accounting establishment policies should also be inspired by the chief financial officer. Controlling of the companys working capital is also a duty of the companys chief financial officer (Robinson, 2009). Auditing of financial reports of Australian gas industry and their infrastructures are the guiding principles to strategic planning and growth for expansion. In a mission to get the best out of the industry, the Australian telecommunication industry is analyzing, the inherent risks associated with financial position of the industry. In this stage, we will find the risk assessment: performing identification, analysis and subsequent determination of their value. For a better understanding of the risks and impacts of a risk a map is drawn, with all stages of their development process is presenting the impact and frequency of risks. Ending with the most important part of the implementation as is the Risk Management Strategy and ways of monitoring the business growth. The strategy of the company is focused on customer while providing quality and innovative telecommunication. In this business strategy awareness of the risk itself, its impacts and probabilities, evaluation methods as well as those who assume its main risks and problems, the environment in which develops such as business and that is where he will focus this part of the chapter "Risks affecting businesses: affecting the telecommunication industry. Finally, from the point of view of the financial costs of companies, growth of monetary amounts to reducti on of costs and risk transfers, ie prevention measures and insurance, have become aware of the decisive influence they had in the compliance with business objectives. After deregulation of the industry, many businesses are entering the market with the aim of competing to get a share of the Company the largest in the industry by service production. The CFO of a company is responsible for a companys financial policies and the cash flow of operating, financial and investing activities especially for an oil producing company like planet gas limited (Keim and Ziemba, 2000). CFO is also involved in the companies treasury matters and he is the overseer of all matters related to treasury of the company and matters affecting the financial relationship of the company. There are people who are the drivers of this company and help in the implementation of the companys goals and objectives. They include the board of management for long term decision making, the chief executive officer and the chief finance officer for short term operational decisions of the company. In this paper we are going to look at the various responsibilities of a chief finance officer. In most cases, the chief finance officer is the automatic successor of the chief executive officer when the company does not want to hire from outside. Efficient market hypothesis It should be noted that the fact that the market collect all available information does not mean that all those involved in it are aware of everything and know how to interpret all the information and determine its consequences, but what stands out is the aggregate market behavior. Can a fund manager select a portfolio from pin? In an efficient market, no group would be at a disadvantage or advantage over others; since all have the maximum information. So the only way to make extra profits is to get information that other investors do not have, or take advantage of temporary differences that may arise between the market price of a security and its intrinsic value. Search insider information, along with the work done by analysts, speculators and arbitrageurs is precisely what leads to market efficiency; therefore, the function of these operators is essential for achieving market efficiency, being the work of the arbitrageur the most important, and as such, it is possible to consider arbitration as the cornerstone of the Efficient Market Theory. Thus, one of the curiosities notably on the efficiency of markets is the fact that, so that they behave efficiently, it is necessary that operators do not believe in market efficiency, so try to discover the existence of inefficiencies. Action that causes them disappear, pushing prices to their target value, and achieving, thus market efficiency. This has been called the "efficient market paradox". Obviously, profit in the short term for reasons of chance always be feasible; however, this theory argues for the impossibility of achieving these benefits continuously in the long run. Strong Hypothesis for fund selection Depending on the level or the strong form of efficiency, a market is efficient when its full and instantly prices reflect all available information, be it historical, public or private information. From the above statement it follows that any study method available information will achieve extraordinary returns. So, in an efficient market in its strong form, it will only be possible to "beat the market" through luck or chance. Logically, it seems impossible that the market is efficient in its strong form, since that would imply that it is a perfect market, which, as seen above, is a utopia. Resource allocation When a market is efficient, being all the information on prices, trading centers around the intrinsic value of securities, so it will not be possible to obtain extraordinary returns by agents. However, when they believe otherwise and try to seize opportunities to enrich themselves, contribute to improving market efficiency. Thus, the pursuit of maximum individual benefit, trying to detect market inefficiencies, contributes to achieving a collective benefit, to properly guide the market allocation of resources, indicating which investment decisions to be followed are the agents. Equal opportunities A fully efficient market will, among its main consequences, equal opportunities between investors, they have as much information as possible. However, as the degree of market efficiency is reduced, the greater will be the differences in opportunities between informed and uninformed; so that the goal of any investor will get information that is not other investors to achieve extraordinary returns and thus be able to beat the market. Obtaining short-term profits does not contradict the efficient market theory, because it defends the impossibility of maintaining such profits continuously in the long run. Efficient Market Theory has been the dominant paradigm in finance for many years, however, the existence of various anomalies and inconsistencies with this theory make them many scholars who defend the inefficiency of markets (Keim and Ziemba, 2000). References Alexander, C. (2008). Market Risk Analysis, 1. Chichester: John Wiley Sons. Alexander, C. (2008). Market Risk Analysis, Practical Financial Econometrics. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Barnes, P. (2009). Stock market efficiency, insider dealing and market abuse. Farnham, Surrey, England: Gower. Bragg, S. (2003). The new CFO financial leadership manual. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Executive careers in business administration. (2007). [Chicago, Ill.]: Institute for Career Research. Jones, C. (2008). The intelligent portfolio. Hoboken, N.J.: J. Wiley Sons. Karaian, J. (n.d.). The chief financial officer. Keim, D. and Ziemba, W. (2000). Security market imperfections in worldwide equity markets. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kuada, J. (2008). International market analysis. Adonis and Abbey. Mak, D. (2006). Mathematical techniques in financial market trading. Hackensack, N.J.: World Scientific. MitreÃÅ'Â ¨ga, M. (2006). Market analysis. Katowice: Publisher of the Karol Adamiecki University of Economics. Palepu, K., Healy, P. and Bernard, V. (2000). Business analysis valuation. Cincinnati, Ohio: South-Western College Pub. Revsine, L., Collins, D. and Johnson, W. (2005). Financial reporting and analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Robinson, T. (2009). International financial statement analysis. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Taxation. (2000). New York: United Nations. Temin, P. (2013). The Roman market economy. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

Phillip Livingston Essays - Ecosystems, Forest, Habitats, Trees

This article shares how the increase of global warming is threatening forests. Specifically, threatening forests in the Pacific Northwest. This data has been collected for over 50 years from scientists in Oregon, Washington, California, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico and southwestern British Columbia. Scientists monitored seventy six forest plots that are all over 200 years old. The study focused mainly on, pines, furs, and hemlocks. Researchers found a rise in death rates of these three species of trees. Because of the wide spread deaths, scientists ruled out effects of fire suppression, ozone-related air pollution, and normal forest forces. The highest death rates were found in California, and of the three species, the pines are dying fastest. Scientists say that the loss of all these trees could lead to huge changes in the development of forests. In my opinion, society needs to become more aware of this issue faces forests. This issue is not only causing problems in local areas of the Pacific Northwest, but is also causing problems in far off countries. People believe that planting new trees will easily cure our problems for the loss of them. But new trees will be of no help if they are dying at younger ages because of global warming. Society needs to take responsibility and start to shape up our world before our sources, such as forests, are all gone.

Mr. Pumblechooks house Essays

Mr. Pumblechooks house Essays Mr. Pumblechooks house Paper Mr. Pumblechooks house Paper Write a commentary on this passage (pg 54- 59), which explains the reasons for Pips distress at the end. This passage is a crucial section of the book, as it is here that Pip realizes how coarse and common he is and where he first feels dissatisfied with Joe and realizes him not to be an idol. At the end of this section, Pip breaks down in tears and kicks the walls. Here I attempt to analyze the reasons for Pips distress at the end. To begin with, Pip is disinclined to go to Ms. Havishams house and play. He has never met Ms. Havisham but regards her as a peculiar, reclusive woman. He spends the night at Mr. Pumblechooks house and leaves for Ms Havishams after a weary morning of arithmetic. Thus he arrives at the house dreading the visit and annoyed with Mr. Pumblechook. The following events further Pips anger, irritation and lower his self-confidence, which results in him breaking down. An arrogant but stunning young girl, Estella, who is about the same age as Pip, haughtily admits Pip into the house. The house is dark and eerie. Sunlight has not entered it for many years. Estella leads Pip through the dark passages of the house before instructing him to go into a particular room. She talks to Pip in a condescending manner and treats him like a child. Pip enters the room, as instructed and encounters Ms. Havisham, who is dressed in her wedding clothes and is adorned with magnificent jewels. He is immediately overcome with fear on seeing her and compares his trepidation with prior frightening incidents he had experienced. The room seems to be stuck in time. The clocks have all stopped working and remain at twenty to nine. Ms. Havishams clothes have faded and are yellow. Pip later notices that everything in the room is worn out. He compares Ms. Havisham to a corpse. Pip is terrified of Ms Havishams peculiar personality. He compares his fear when she touches his heart to that when he encountered the prisoner in the graveyard. Although Ms. Havisham is undoubtedly a queer person, Pips initial attitude towards her is not one of perplexity or surprise but that of fear. This is primarily because he has heard rumours about her eccentric idiosyncrasies, which cause him to dread her even before he has set eyes on her. When he realizes that she is indeed weird, Pip becomes terrified of her. Ms. Havisham then tells Pip that she has sick fancies and asks him to play. Pip feels unequal to this task as his fear of Ms. Havisham and the gloomy atmosphere make him cringe at the very thought of playing. However he is worried that Ms. Havisham will complain to his sister and he will be upbraided.

How To Make Red Cabbage pH Paper Test Strips

How To Make Red Cabbage pH Paper Test Strips Its easy, safe, and fun to make your own pH paper test strips. This is a project that kids can do and that can be done from home, though calibrated test strips would work in a lab, too. Difficulty: Easy Time Required: 15 minutes plus drying time Heres How Cut a red cabbage (or purple) into pieces such that it will fit into a blender. Chop the cabbage, adding the minimum amount of water needed to blend it (because you want the juice as concentrated as possible). If you dont have a blender, then use a vegetable grater or chop your cabbage using a knife.Microwave the cabbage until its at the boiling point. Youll see the liquid boil or else steam rising from the cabbage. If you dont have a microwave, soak the cabbage in a small volume of boiling water or else heat the cabbage using another method.Allow the cabbage to cool (about 10 minutes).Filter the liquid from the cabbage through a filter paper or coffee filter. It should be deeply colored.Soak a filter paper or coffee filter in this liquid. Allow it to dry. Cut the dry colored paper into test strips.Use a dropper or toothpick to apply a little liquid to a test strip. The color range for acids and bases will depend on the particular plant. If you like, you can construct a chart of pH a nd colors using liquids with a known pH so that you can then test unknowns. Examples of acids include hydrochloric acid (HCl), vinegar, and lemon juice. Examples of bases include sodium or potassium hydroxide (NaOH or KOH) and baking soda solution. Another way to use your pH paper is as a color-change paper. You can draw on pH paper using a toothpick or cotton swab that has been dipped in an acid or base. Tips If you dont want colored fingers, soak only half of the filter paper with the cabbage juice, leaving the other side uncolored. Youll get less usable paper, but you will have a place to grab it.Many plants produce pigments that can be used as pH indicators. Try this project with some of the other common home and garden indicators. What You Need Red CabbageFilter Paper or Coffee FiltersBlender - optionalMicrowave - optionalDropper or Toothpicks - optional

Marketing Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Marketing Case Study - Essay Example The push strategy involves manufacturers selling to the customers directly rather than through retailers. For the guard strategy, the product categories should have a loyalty that is low towards the brand. The substitutes in the market should be acceptable by the customers. This is a strategy by Keyman’s and Guard. Launching of new products is efficient using the push strategy. The plan is essential where there is no planning of the product to purchase. The customer needs to be knowledgeable about the product. There is consideration of the current situation of the business in terms of working and business scenario. There is also consideration of the sales figure of past periods, where more money is given for promotion for projects that show high sales figure from the past so as to increase sales. Department that build many products should be given more promotion money than small product departments to enable them tab the whole market. Promotion money is given depending on the level of competition the product in question is facing. Thus, the more the competition, the more the money given to ensure the product competes favorably. In the introduction of new products, there is allocating promotion money on the bases of all it can afford. This is to avoid losses that arise due the product, not picking up in the market. In case of short term sales, there is less promotion money to that product. To increase distribution, more promotion money should be given to ensure that the product is able to get customers and maintain the current customers. In giving cash for promotion, there is a reduction in the budget of other products so as to favor other products, which require promotion. To stimulate trial, money should be given. This is because the product requires money for promotion because it is already in the market. It is essential to first test the market before introducing a

E-Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

E-Business - Essay Example rmediaries (Sarkar et al, 1996.) They are an electronic-commerce only intermediary; business and customer relationship management (CRM) is conducted purely via their website; a virtual marketplace with no direct contact between buyers and sellers. Amazon have created a virtualized value system through their accelerated ordering, delivery and payment of goods and services, while reducing operating and inventory costs associated with traditional bricks and mortar stores. They have access to global markets, economies of scale and the ability to personalize. As a virtual merchant, their products are suited to the Internet, their business models remain a source of differentiation. Amazon is a seller-controlled site whose commercial mechanism is fixed price sales. Timmers (1998) classifies Amazons business model as a virtual community, which "helps build customer loyalty and trust through an interplay of virtual and physical realities." (Hagel and Armstrong, 1997.) Amazon strengthens their association as a virtual store with "shopping trolley technology" (Cooke, 1997.) Shopping carts and checkouts act as reminders of physical environments. (Weick, 1995.) Amazons effectiveness as a virtual community is evident with their customer co-presence. "Amazon has made customer relations the centerpiece of its strategy." (Hagel and Armstrong, 1997.) Collaborative filtering helps them achieve personalization and mass customization. Customer extension is offered via their site and e-mails. Amazons business model is now considerably more flexible as it has diversified from books and CDs to a range of products more typical of a department store. (Chaffey, 2004.) Amazon has warehouses to support their technical innovations. They are dependent on the publisher-to-wholesaler supply chain. Their distribution centers are placed near distribution warehouses to allow quick turn around on deliveries. (Bayers, 1999.) Amazons brand has enabled them to pursue differentiation strategy

Keats’ Love for Fanny Brawne in The Eve of St. Agnes Essay -- Essays P

Keats’ Love for Fanny Brawne in The Eve of St. Agnes â€Å"For myself I know not how to express my devotion to so fair a form: I want a brighter word than bright, a fairer word than fair. I almost wish we were butterflies and liv’d but three summer days—three such days with you I could fill with more delight than fifty common years could ever contain† –John Keats to Fanny Brawne (Bate 538). As the colloquial phrase goes†¦behind every great man, lies a great woman, but in John Keats’ case, the woman is neither great nor his superior but inspires greatness in the Romantic poet. This woman calls herself Fanny Brawne. She was intellectually inferior to Keats, but her sprightly character added rich, sensuosity to his writing. John Keats always had a fondness for folklore and medieval tales. He dreamt of being a chivalric knight, riding on a white steed to rescue his damsel. In early childhood Keats would go to a rustic arbor, find his niche, and read Edmund Spenser’s â€Å"Faery Queen†: it â€Å"awakened his genius,† and â€Å"he was enchanted, breathed in a new world, and became another being† (Bate 75). Fanny Brawne is Keats’ â€Å"Faery Queen,† and her spirit inspires the sensuous, rife, and feminine qualities of â€Å"The Eve of St. Agnes.† Fanny Brawne and John Keats first interacted in November 1818 at Wentworth Place. He first became infatuated and entranced in her differences from himself. While distinguishing her uniqueness, John says she â€Å"liked me for my own sake and for nothing else—I have met with women whom I really think would like to be married to a Poem (Bate 428). She enjoyed literature, art, and music, but her special interest was fashion—all the sumptuous textures, colors, and styles. Joanna Richardson describes Fan... .... He has wooed with tender, sweet kisses of poetry. Keats does likewise. Since he cannot physically show Fanny her value, he arouses her with images of â€Å"lavendered† linens, â€Å"candied† confections, and â€Å"cinnamon† succulence. The verdant, active language Keats utilizes in â€Å"The Eve of St. Agnes† adumbrates his ardent love for Fanny Brawne and proves the power of poetry. Works Cited - Bate, Walter Jackson. John Keats. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1963. - Keats, John. â€Å"The Eve of St. Agnes.† The Oxford Anthology of English Literature, Romantic Poetry and Prose. New York: Oxford UP, 1973. 524-35. - Richardson, Joanna. Fanny Brawne, A Biography. Great Britain: Vanguard Press, 1952. - Wordsworth, William. â€Å"The Tables Turned.† The Oxford Anthology of English Literature, Romantic Poetry and Prose. New York: Oxford UP, 1973. 128-29.

Final Exam Guide Essay

Question 1: How would you define successful leadership? What standard do you apply when evaluating leadership success? Is it possible to predict success based on organizational cultures or other factors? Provide examples to support your answer. Solution: Successful leadership is the ability to channel and coordinate the energy of the group to attain the desired goals of the business. It is the capacity to motivate and inspire followers to go beyond the distance of their perceived limitations, to rise to the challenges of the task at hand, and to seek out innovative and novel solutions. In a word, success leadership is empowering. As Eleanor Roosevelt once said, â€Å"A good leader inspires people to have confidence in the leader; a great leader inspires people to have confidence in themselves.† A successful leadership can be evaluated by the following standards: a) Example – A successful leader leads by example, which is the key to authentic leadership. This is demonstrated by working hard, making difficult decisions, taking risks, and personal sacrifices. b) Integrity – There are no shortcuts to success. A successful leader is honest, dependable and uncompromising on his or her work and business ethics. c) Solid goals – A successful leader has solid goals and direction, which are communicated to the team. The leader makes the team identify and take ownership of the business’s goals in order to motivate them to achieve these goals. d) Knowledge – A leader is equipped with knowledge and skills necessary for the enterprise. The leader leverages the team’s best chance of success by knowing and understanding the obstacles, competition and risks present in an endeavor. e) Autonomous – A successful leader provides for autonomy by empowering the members to think, innovate and own the solution to a problem. f) High Expectations – A successful leader expects a high level of excellence from the team. Expectations create results; people want to proud of their work. However, high expectation does not mean perfection. Rather, it is learning through experience and errors, and being accountable for one’s mistakes. g) Humility – A successful leader knows the value of  teamwork and gives credit where it is due. Leadership is not about personalities; it is about directing the group’s efforts toward the completion of an endeavor. h) Execution – A successful leader has the discipline to get things done. He or she can bridge the gap between theory and actual execution of a plan. Nagavara Ramarao Narayana Murthy is an Indian businessman and co-founder of Infosys, which was founded in 1981. Mr. Murthy served as CEO of Infosys from 1982 to 2002, and as chairman from 2002 to 2011. He stepped down from the board in 2011, and became Chairman Emeritus. Mr. Murthy embodies the ideals of a successful leadership. He is a top leader, an institution builder, and an IT legend. He empowered his executives, management team and workers. He encouraged and nurtured leadership qualities in the organization through mentoring and training. He institutionalized ethical values of honesty and integrity throughout the organization. Question 2: What methods exist to develop leaders in an organization? What methods does your organization use? Why? Have any methods been counterproductive? In what ways? Solution: There are various approaches to leadership development in an organization that will be briefly describes as follows: 1) Formal Development Programs – In its basic format, a formal program consists of a classroom seminar covering basic theories and principles of leadership. It can be in the form of a tailored development program fitted to serve the needs of the specific organization. It can also be open-enrollment programs offered by private and academic institutions. 2) 3600 Feedback – This is also known as a multi-source feedback, and a multi-rater feedback. This method involves systematically collecting assessments of a person’s performance from different sources, which typically consists of supervisors, peers, subordinates, customers, and other stakeholders. 3) Executive Coaching – This method is defined as a practical, goal-oriented form of personal and one-on-one learning. Coaching is usually used to improve individual performance, enhance a career, o r work through organizational issues. 4) Job Assignments – This method works under the assumption that experience is the best teacher. This method trains would-be leaders in an organization by giving them a variety of job assignments that will expose them to different work environments; hence, it allows them to adapt, and become better  strategic thinkers. 5) Mentoring – Mentoring programs typically pair a senior and a junior manager, but pairing can also occur between peers. Mentoring involves advising and passing on lessons learned from the senior to the junior partner. 6) Networking – Some organizations include development activities designed to foster broader individual networks for better connection with partners in a global community. Leaders are expected to know not only the in and out of the organization, but also know who in terms of problem-solving resources. 7) Reflection – Introspection and reflection can foster self-understanding and understanding from lessons learned from exper ience. In leadership development, reflection can be used to uncover a person’s hidden goals, talents, and values, as well as their impact on a person’s work. 8) Action Learning – This is a project-based learning method characterized by a continuous process of learning and reflection, aided by colleagues, and with an emphasis on getting things done. This method connects individual development to the process of helping organizations respond to major business problems. 9) Outdoor Challenges – This is a team-building experience in an outdoor or wilderness setting, designed to overcome risk-taking fears, and to promote teamwork and leadership skills. Our organization uses formal programs to develop leaders. Recognizing that a classroom-based learning, while easy and flexible, is limited in the actual transfer of competencies, the formal program serves as a shell under which various development methods are incorporated. Hence, the formal program is structured by combining theoretical learning and problem-based learning. Then, a 360-degree feedback is given to each participant, which serves as a basis for an in-depth reflection. For most people, the 360-degree feedback is difficult to handle for several reasons. The primary reason is an inherent resistance to change. Another reason is the overwhelming amount of data, which can be complex, inconsistent, and difficult to interpret and translate into an action or behavior that can correct a given problem. Mere knowledge and acceptance of one’s developmental needs are not enough to bring about change. There is a need for follow-up guidance and support. That is why participants are also given short-term coaching to identify specific areas of concern and how to resolve these concerns. Question 3: In The Art and Science of Leadership, Nahavandi writes about the dark side of power. Provide an example. What organizational factors contributed to the leader’s behavior? What were consequences of the behavior? Solution: Nahavandi cites corruption as the dark side of power. An example of a scandal that shocked the corporate world was the case of the German engineering giant Siemens in 2006. A regulatory investigation revealed that hundreds of employees, spearheaded by Siemens’ top executives, had been siphoning millions of Euros into bogus deals to pay massive bribes to government officials and business contacts to win contracts in Russia and Nigeria. A trial judge described the scandal as a blatant disregard of business ethics and a systematic practice of organized irresponsibility that was implicitly condoned by management. The scandal resulted to the departure of Siemens top executives, including then CEO Klaus Kleinfield, who was later convicted of corruption, placed on probation for 2 years, and fined 160,000 Euro for his complicity. Hans-Werner Hartmann, who was the accounting head in the company’s telecommunications arm, was also placed on probation for 18 months and fined 40,000 Euro. The scandal cost Siemens around 2.5 billion Euro to pay for fines, reparations and damages. The firm was also barred from dealings with certain clients. The cost to Siemens’ employees, who had to endure intense public scrutiny and shame, is difficult to quantify. Organizational factors that contributed to a culture of bribery within Siemens were identified as follows: an aggressive growth strategy that compelled managers to resort to bribes in order to meet performance targets; a complex and matrix-like organizational structure that allowed divisions to operate independently, with no established checks and balances; poor accounting processes; a corporate culture openly tolerant of bribes. It should be noted that bribes were tax-deductible, and were the norms, not the exceptions, in German business practice at that time. Question 4: What obstacles exist for leaders involved in participatory management? What methods may a leader employ to overcome these obstacles? Solution: Participative management, also known as employee involvement and empowerment, encourages the participation of all the organization’s stakeholders in the analysis of problems, development of strategies, and implementation of solutions. While participative management seems like a utopian ideal, leaders face many obstacles in its effective implementation. One obstacle is encouraging the participation of employees in the managerial process of planning and making decisions. Employees may not fully participate due to lack of competencies, lack of confidence, and fear of rejection. Another reason is the employee’s lack of trust that his or her contributions will be valued. The presence of tension and rivalry among employees are also barriers to effective communication, and ability to work together. Leaders can address these issues by being sincere in their desire to implement participative management. Leaders should strengthen communication within the workplace, and initiate team-building activities to strengthen bonds between peers, and between employees and management. Training programs should also be initiated to develop employees’ competencies, leadership skills and self-confidence. Once employees are fully committed to engage in participative management, other obstacles arise, which includes the amplification of the complexity of the organization’s activities and the growing volume of information that managerial decisions are based on. These can lead to difficulty in getting things done, and slow response time to issues that need fast reactions and actions. Leaders cannot solve these obstacles alone; these require the concerted effort of the entire organization. However, leaders can take the lead in delegating responsibilities to reduce the hierarchic levels in the organization, and to decentralized authority so that the organization can respond to issues quickly and efficiently. Leaders can also establish quality circles, which are composed of around 8 to 10 employees along with the supervisor who share areas of responsibility among themselves. These circles can meet regularly to discuss problems in their respective areas and  brainstorm for solutions, which they can later present to the entire organization as a fully developed action plan. In this way, the complexity of participative management is simplified. Another obstacle to participative management concerns security issues. It is harder to ensure confidential information stays within the organization when more people are involved in managerial decisions. This confidential information can include patents, and product research and development. Leaders can address this obstacle by motivating employees to be accountable for their actions and to stay committed to the company by valuing their contributions. Question 5: What are some reasons employees and managers resist change? As a leader, what methods would you use to help employees and managers adapt to change? Solution: Adaptability to change is a prerequisite to become successful in the modern world characterized by increasing global awareness and fast turnover of technology. Organizations must respond to change and be willing to change to retain their competitive edge and relevance. However, implementing organizational changes are daunting for leaders, not least because most employees and managers resist change. The common reasons why employees resist change are the following: change promotes fear, insecurity and uncertainty, difference in perception and lack of understanding, reaction against the way change is presented, cynicism and lack of trust, and threats to vested interest. In order to overcome resistance to change, leaders can involve workers in the change process by openly communicating about the need for change, providing consultation to alleviate employees’ fears, and being sensitive to employees’ concerns. In order to implement change, leaders must decide on the method they will use to overcome resistance to change, and modify behavior. The three-step approach is an example of such a method; it is characterized by three basic stages: unfreezing, changing, and refreezing. 1) Unfreezing: Most people prefer to maintain the status quo, which is  associated with stability, rather than confronting the need for change. The starting stage, therefore, of a change process must involve unfreezing old behaviors, processes, and structures. This stage develops an awareness of the need for change, and the forces that supports and resists change. Awareness is facilitated with one-on-one discussions, presentations to groups, memos, reports, company newsletter, seminars, and demonstrations. These activities are designed to educate employees about the deficiencies of the current set-up and the benefits of the replacement. 2) Changing: This stage focuses on learning new behaviors, and implementing the change. Change is facilitated when employees become uncomfortable with the identified deficiencies of the old system, and are presented with new behaviors, role models, and support structures. 3) Refreezing: This stage focuses on reinforcing new behaviors, usually done by positive results, public recognition, and rewards.